Wind Energy System With Integrated Functions of Active Power Transfer, Reactive Power Compensation, and Voltage Conversion

As the power of wind energy system increases, the control of their active and reactive power becomes increasingly more important from a system standpoint given that these are typical frequency and voltage control parameters. In this paper, a family of wind energy systems with integrated functions of active power transfer, reactive power compensation, and voltage conversion is proposed. The proposed wind energy systems using solid-state transformer (SST) can effectively suppress the voltage fluctuation caused by the transient nature of wind energy without additional reactive power compensator and, as such, may enable the large penetration of wind farm (WF) into the power grid. To this end, a simulation study for WF driven by squirrel-cage induction generators is presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed system. In addition, a modular-type high-voltage and high-power three-phase SST topology is presented for the proposed system, and its basic building block, which is a single-phase SST, is analyzed. The functions of SST in the presented wind energy system are verified in a single-phase laboratory prototype with scaled-down experiments. Lastly, cost issue of the proposed technology is analyzed with comparison to the traditional one.

[1]  Jon Are Suul,et al.  Extending the Life of Gear Box in Wind Generators by Smoothing Transient Torque With STATCOM , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[2]  A K Jain,et al.  Pwm control of dual active bridge: Comprehensive analysis and experimental verification , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[3]  S. D. Sudhoff,et al.  A Power Electronic-Based Distribution Transformer , 2002, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[4]  Johann W. Kolar,et al.  Accurate Power Loss Model Derivation of a High-Current Dual Active Bridge Converter for an Automotive Application , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[5]  K. Smedley,et al.  Hexagram-Converter-Based STATCOM for Voltage Support in Fixed-Speed Wind Turbine Generation Systems , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[6]  Subhashish Bhattacharya,et al.  Design considerations of high voltage and high frequency transformer for solid state transformer application , 2010, IECON 2010 - 36th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society.

[7]  O. Prostean,et al.  Performance optimization of low-speed induction generators for direct drive wind turbines , 2007, 2007 IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference.

[8]  Jon Are Suul,et al.  Low Voltage Ride Through of Wind Farms With Cage Generators: STATCOM Versus SVC , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[9]  Jih-Sheng Lai,et al.  Performance of a Distribution Intelligent Universal Transformer under Source and Load Disturbances , 2006, Conference Record of the 2006 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Forty-First IAS Annual Meeting.

[10]  T. Thiringer,et al.  Voltage and Transient Stability Support by Wind Farms Complying With the E.ON Netz Grid Code , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[11]  Alex Q. Huang,et al.  Fault-Tolerant Design and Control Strategy for Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Converter-Based STATCOM , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[12]  Fei Wang,et al.  Comparisons of different control strategies for 20kVA solid state transformer , 2011, 2011 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition.

[13]  J. A. Solsona,et al.  Control Strategy of a DVR to Improve Stability in Wind Farms Using Squirrel-Cage Induction Generators , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[14]  Liangzhong Yao,et al.  Grid Integration of Large DFIG-Based Wind Farms Using VSC Transmission , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[15]  Xu She,et al.  Plug-and-play control module for variable speed wind turbine under unknown aerodynamics , 2010, IECON 2010 - 36th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society.

[16]  Pavel Drábek,et al.  New Configuration of Traction Converter With Medium-Frequency Transformer Using Matrix Converters , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[17]  Alex Q. Huang,et al.  Voltage and power balance control for a cascaded multilevel solid state transformer , 2010, 2010 Twenty-Fifth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC).

[18]  Gangyao Wang,et al.  3-D Space Modulation With Voltage Balancing Capability for a Cascaded Seven-Level Converter in a Solid-State Transformer , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[19]  A. Agarwal,et al.  10 kV/120 A SiC DMOSFET half H-bridge power modules for 1 MVA solid state power substation , 2011, 2011 IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium.

[20]  A Q Huang,et al.  The Future Renewable Electric Energy Delivery and Management (FREEDM) System: The Energy Internet , 2011, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[21]  Alex Q. Huang,et al.  On Integration of Solid-State Transformer With Zonal DC Microgrid , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[22]  Alex Q. Huang,et al.  Design and hardware implementation of Gen-1 silicon based solid state transformer , 2011, 2011 Twenty-Sixth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC).

[23]  M. Baran,et al.  STATCOM Impact Study on the Integration of a Large Wind Farm into a Weak Loop Power System , 2008, 2006 IEEE PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition.

[24]  Xu She,et al.  Universal Tracking Control of Wind Conversion System for Purpose of Maximum Power Acquisition Under Hierarchical Control Structure , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[25]  R. Rizzo,et al.  Power Electronic Transformer application to grid connected photovoltaic systems , 2009, 2009 International Conference on Clean Electrical Power.

[26]  Janaka Ekanayake,et al.  Dynamic modeling of doubly fed induction generator wind turbines , 2003 .

[27]  X.I. Koutiva,et al.  Optimal integration of an offshore wind farm to a weak AC grid , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[28]  Ned Mohan,et al.  A novel integrated three-phase, switched multi-winding power electronic transformer converter for wind power generation system , 2009, 2009 35th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics.