Farkli Tip Gömücü Ayak ve Kapatma Düzenine Sahip Doğrudan Ekim Makinalarinin Farkli İlerleme Hizlarinda Kullanilmasinin Toprak Yüzey Pürüzlülüğüne Etkisi Effects of Different Furrow Openers, Covering Components and Forward Speeds in No till Seeders on the Soil Surface Roughness

Even they have little effect on the soil, no-till seeders cause considerable surface roughness. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of no-till seeders having different types of furrow openers and covering components at different forward speeds on soil surface roughness. For this purpose, 3 different types of no-till seed- ers having disk, hoe and chisel type openers were tested with 2 different covering components (chain and spring type coverers) at 2 different tractor forward speeds (2.7 and 5.4 km h -1 ). Data obtained from the experiment showed that the no-till seeder having chisel type opener provided the most rough soil surface than the disk and hoe type seeders. The best results in terms of soil surface roughness were ob- tained at 2.7 km h -1 tractor forward speed and spring type covering component comparison with 5.4 km h -1 and the