Event-triggered nonlinear control for attitude stabilization of a quadrotor

Event-triggered control is a resource-aware sampling strategy that updates the control value only when a certain condition is satisfied, which denotes event instants. Such a technique allows to reduce the control computational cost and communications. In this paper, a quaternion-based feedback is developed for event-triggered attitude stabilization of a quadrotor mini-helicopter. The feedback is derived from the universal formula for event-triggered stabilization of general nonlinear systems affine in the control. The proposed feedback ensures the asymptotic stability to the desired attitude. Real-time experiments are carried out in order to show the convergence of the quadrotor states to the desired attitude as well as the robustness with respect to external disturbances. Results show that the proposed control can reduce by 80 % the communications of the embedded system without sacrificing performance of the whole system. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that a nonlinear event-triggered controller is experimentally applied to the attitude stabilization of an unmanned aircraft system.

[1]  K. Åström,et al.  Comparison of Riemann and Lebesgue sampling for first order stochastic systems , 2002, Proceedings of the 41st IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2002..

[2]  Karl-Erik Årzén,et al.  A simple event-based PID controller , 1999 .

[3]  Hugo Rodríguez-Cortés,et al.  Trajectory Tracking Control for a Rotary Wing Vehicle Powered by Four Rotors , 2012, Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems.

[4]  Dragan Nesic,et al.  Lyapunov-based continuous-time nonlinear controller redesign for sampled-data implementation , 2005, Autom..

[5]  Rogelio Lozano,et al.  Real-time stabilization and tracking of a four rotor mini-rotorcraft , 2003 .

[6]  Nicolas Marchand,et al.  Global discrete-time stabilization of the PVTOL aircraft based on fast predictive control , 2008 .

[7]  Paulo Tabuada,et al.  Event-Triggered Real-Time Scheduling of Stabilizing Control Tasks , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[8]  S. Bhat,et al.  A topological obstruction to continuous global stabilization of rotational motion and the unwinding phenomenon , 2000 .

[9]  Dragan Nesic,et al.  A framework for stabilization of nonlinear sampled-data systems based on their approximate discrete-time models , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[10]  Abdelhamid Tayebi,et al.  Attitude stabilization of a VTOL quadrotor aircraft , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology.

[11]  Enrico Bini,et al.  On Lyapunov sampling for event-driven controllers , 2009, Proceedings of the 48h IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) held jointly with 2009 28th Chinese Control Conference.

[12]  P.P.J. van den Bosch,et al.  Event-driven control as an opportunity in the multidisciplinary development of embedded controllers , 2005, Proceedings of the 2005, American Control Conference, 2005..

[13]  R. Lozano,et al.  Simple Real-time Attitude Stabilization of a Quad-rotor Aircraft With Bounded Signals , 2006, Proceedings of the 45th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control.

[14]  Antonio Visioli,et al.  Comparative study of event-based control strategies: An experimental approach on a simple tank , 2009, 2009 European Control Conference (ECC).

[15]  Eduardo Sontag Clocks and insensitivity to small measurement errors , 1999 .

[16]  Edward A. Lee,et al.  Introduction to Embedded Systems - A Cyber-Physical Systems Approach , 2013 .

[17]  Nicolas Marchand,et al.  Event-Based LQR Control for Attitude Stabilization of a Quadrotor , 2012 .

[18]  Sanjay P. Bhat,et al.  A topological obstruction to global asymptotic stabilization of rotational motion and the unwinding phenomenon , 1998, Proceedings of the 1998 American Control Conference. ACC (IEEE Cat. No.98CH36207).

[19]  Roland Siegwart,et al.  Backstepping and Sliding-mode Techniques Applied to an Indoor Micro Quadrotor , 2005, Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

[20]  Nicolas Marchand,et al.  Bounded attitude control of rigid bodies: Real-time experimentation to a quadrotor mini-helicopter , 2011 .

[21]  M. Shuster A survey of attitude representation , 1993 .

[22]  Nicolas Marchand,et al.  Further results on event-based PID controller , 2009, 2009 European Control Conference (ECC).

[23]  Jan Lunze,et al.  A state-feedback approach to event-based control , 2010, Autom..

[24]  V. Moreau,et al.  Dynamic modeling and intuitive control strategy for an "X4-flyer" , 2005, 2005 International Conference on Control and Automation.

[25]  Bruce A. Francis,et al.  Optimal Sampled-Data Control Systems , 1996, Communications and Control Engineering Series.

[26]  W. P. M. H. Heemels,et al.  Analysis of event-driven controllers for linear systems , 2008, Int. J. Control.

[27]  Roland Siegwart,et al.  PID vs LQ control techniques applied to an indoor micro quadrotor , 2004, 2004 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37566).

[28]  Michael D. Lemmon,et al.  Event-Triggered Feedback in Control, Estimation, and Optimization , 2010 .

[29]  Tong Heng Lee,et al.  Developments in hybrid modeling and control of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles , 2009, 2009 IEEE International Conference on Control and Automation.

[30]  N. McClamroch,et al.  Rigid-Body Attitude Control , 2011, IEEE Control Systems.

[31]  Robert Mahony,et al.  Design of a four-rotor aerial robot , 2002 .

[32]  Bruno Sinopoli,et al.  Hybrid Control of an Autonomous Helicopter , 1998 .

[33]  Nicolas Marchand,et al.  A General Formula for Event-Based Stabilization of Nonlinear Systems , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.