Electric Power Distribution Equipment and Systems

FUNDAMENTALS OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS Primary Distribution Configurations Urban Networks Primary Voltage Levels Distribution Substations Subtransmission Systems Differences between European and North American Systems Loads The Past and the Future References OVERHEAD LINES Typical Constructions Conductor Data Line Impedances Simplified Line Impedance Calculations Line Impedance Tables Conductor Sizing Ampacities Secondaries Fault Withstand Capability Other Overhead Issues References UNDERGROUND DISTRIBUTION Applications Cables Installations and Configurations Impedances Ampacity Fault Withstand Capability Cable Reliability Cable Testing Fault Location References TRANSFORMERS Basics Distribution Transformers Single-Phase Transformers Three-Phase Transformers Loadings Losses Network Transformers Substation Transformers Special Transformers Special Problems References VOLTAGE REGULATION Voltage Standards Voltage Drop Regulation Techniques Regulators Station Regulation Line Loss and Voltage Drop Relationships References CAPACITOR APPLICATION Capacitor Ratings Released Capacity Voltage Support Reducing Line Losses Switched Banks Local Controls Automated Controls Reliability Failure Modes and Case Ruptures Fusing and Protection Grounding References INDEX