The California breast density information group: a collaborative response to the issues of breast density, breast cancer risk, and breast density notification legislation.

In anticipation of breast density notification legislation in the state of California, which would require notification of women with heterogeneously and extremely dense breast tissue, a working group of breast imagers and breast cancer risk specialists was formed to provide a common response framework. The California Breast Density Information Group identified key elements and implications of the law, researching scientific evidence needed to develop a robust response. In particular, issues of risk associated with dense breast tissue, masking of cancers by dense tissue on mammograms, and the efficacy, benefits, and harms of supplementary screening tests were studied and consensus reached. National guidelines and peer-reviewed published literature were used to recommend that women with dense breast tissue at screening mammography follow supplemental screening guidelines based on breast cancer risk assessment. The goal of developing educational materials for referring clinicians and patients was reached with the construction of an easily accessible Web site that contains information about breast density, breast cancer risk assessment, and supplementary imaging. This multi-institutional, multidisciplinary approach may be useful for organizations to frame responses as similar legislation is passed across the United States. Online supplemental material is available for this article.

[1]  W. Berg Supplemental screening sonography in dense breasts. , 2004, Radiologic clinics of North America.

[2]  Mark A Helvie,et al.  Mammographic breast density: effect on imaging and breast cancer risk. , 2010, Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN.

[3]  Jessica W T Leung,et al.  Performance benchmarks for diagnostic mammography. , 2005, Radiology.

[4]  Anna Chiarelli,et al.  Body Size, Mammographic Density, and Breast Cancer Risk , 2006, Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention.

[5]  Rhian Gabe,et al.  The randomized trials of breast cancer screening: what have we learned? , 2004, Radiologic clinics of North America.

[6]  Ellen Warner,et al.  Surveillance of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers with magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, mammography, and clinical breast examination , 2004, JAMA.

[7]  J. Wolfe,et al.  Mammographic features and breast cancer risk: effects with time, age, and menopause status. , 1995, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[8]  B. Geller,et al.  A prospective study of breast cancer risk using routine mammographic breast density measurements. , 2004, Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology.

[9]  A. Miller,et al.  Quantitative classification of mammographic densities and breast cancer risk: results from the Canadian National Breast Screening Study. , 1995, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[10]  Laura Cortesi,et al.  Multicenter comparative multimodality surveillance of women at genetic-familial high risk for breast cancer (HIBCRIT study): interim results. , 2007, Radiology.

[11]  L. Tabár,et al.  Swedish two-county trial: impact of mammographic screening on breast cancer mortality during 3 decades. , 2011, Radiology.

[12]  K. Kerlikowske,et al.  Effect of age, breast density, and family history on the sensitivity of first screening mammography. , 1996, JAMA.

[13]  Mark A. Helvie,et al.  Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. , 2006, Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN.

[14]  Andriy I. Bandos,et al.  Comparison of digital mammography alone and digital mammography plus tomosynthesis in a population-based screening program. , 2013, Radiology.

[15]  D. Wakefield,et al.  Real World Performance of Screening Breast Ultrasound Following Enactment of Connecticut Bill 458 , 2013, The breast journal.

[16]  S. Ciatto,et al.  Integration of 3D digital mammography with tomosynthesis for population breast-cancer screening (STORM): a prospective comparison study. , 2013, The Lancet. Oncology.

[17]  C. Gatsonis,et al.  Cancer yield of mammography, MR, and US in high-risk women: prospective multi-institution breast cancer screening study. , 2007, Radiology.

[18]  J. Weigert,et al.  The Connecticut Experiment: The Role of Ultrasound in the Screening of Women With Dense Breasts , 2012, The breast journal.

[19]  L. Humphrey,et al.  Screening for Breast Cancer , 1977, Annals of surgery.

[20]  Laura Cortesi,et al.  Multicenter Surveillance of Women at High Genetic Breast Cancer Risk Using Mammography, Ultrasonography, and Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (the High Breast Cancer Risk Italian 1 Study): Final Results , 2011, Investigative radiology.

[21]  R. Hendrick,et al.  Imaging of the radiographically dense breast. , 1993, Radiology.

[22]  Seema A Khan,et al.  NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: breast cancer screening and diagnosis. , 2009, Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN.

[23]  N. Boyd,et al.  Mammographic density and the risk and detection of breast cancer. , 2007, The New England journal of medicine.

[24]  Emily White,et al.  Factors contributing to mammography failure in women aged 40-49 years. , 2004, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[25]  J Whitehead,et al.  Wolfe mammographic parenchymal patterns. A study of the masking hypothesis of Egan and Mosteller , 1985, Cancer.

[26]  E. Sickles The use of breast imaging to screen women at high risk for cancer. , 2010, Radiologic clinics of North America.

[27]  Etta D Pisano,et al.  Detection of breast cancer with addition of annual screening ultrasound or a single screening MRI to mammography in women with elevated breast cancer risk. , 2012, JAMA.

[28]  C. Merritt Combined Screening With Ultrasound and Mammography vs Mammography Alone in Women at Elevated Risk of Breast Cancer , 2009 .

[29]  C. D'Orsi,et al.  Breast cancer screening with imaging: recommendations from the Society of Breast Imaging and the ACR on the use of mammography, breast MRI, breast ultrasound, and other technologies for the detection of clinically occult breast cancer. , 2010, Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR.

[30]  D. Miglioretti,et al.  Individual and Combined Effects of Age, Breast Density, and Hormone Replacement Therapy Use on the Accuracy of Screening Mammography , 2003, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[31]  L. Philpotts,et al.  Screening US in patients with mammographically dense breasts: initial experience with Connecticut Public Act 09-41. , 2012, Radiology.

[32]  R. Fimmers,et al.  Mammography, breast ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging for surveillance of women at high familial risk for breast cancer. , 2005, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[33]  Markus Hahn,et al.  Early detection of breast cancer: benefits and risks of supplemental breast ultrasound in asymptomatic women with mammographically dense breast tissue. A systematic review , 2009, BMC Cancer.

[34]  J. Otten,et al.  Mammographic breast density and risk of breast cancer: Masking bias or causality? , 1998, European Journal of Epidemiology.

[35]  D. Saslow,et al.  Cancer screening in the United States, 2013 , 2013, CA: a cancer journal for clinicians.

[36]  Baudouin Maldague,et al.  Mammography and subsequent whole-breast sonography of nonpalpable breast cancers: the importance of radiologic breast density. , 2003, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[37]  M. Yaffe,et al.  American Cancer Society Guidelines for Breast Screening with MRI as an Adjunct to Mammography , 2007 .

[38]  Malcolm C Pike,et al.  Mammographic density and breast cancer in three ethnic groups. , 2003, Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology.

[39]  Enzo Galligioni,et al.  Evidence of the effect of adjunct ultrasound screening in women with mammography-negative dense breasts: interval breast cancers at 1 year follow-up. , 2011, European journal of cancer.

[40]  R L Egan,et al.  Breast cancer mammography patterns. , 1977, Cancer.