Time and Differentiated Integration

What is the status of time in accounts of different iated integration? What do theories of integration and Europeanisation have to say abou t time both as a property of differentiated integration and, in particular, as p art of their explanatory accounts? Time as a property of differentiated integration is not too difficult to grasp, but the status of time as part of an explanation of differe ntiated integration is more amorphous. What matters here, in particular, are ar guments relating (i) to the impact of the passage of time; (ii) time budgets and time horizons; and (iii) time rules, notably those relating to timing, sequence, speed a nd duration. The paper sets out how such temporal-causal categories have informed theor izing on integration and Europeanization and how they might help to account for differentiated integration. It also highlights the pluritemporality that character ises the EU timescape and notes how this facilitates and encourages recourse to differe ntiated integration. In sum, paying attention to its temporality helps advance our unde rstanding of differentiated integration within the context of EU deepening and widening.

[1]  J. Linz.  Democracy's Time Constraints , 1998 .

[2]  A. Kölliker.  Bringing together or driving apart the union? Towards a theory of differentiated integration , 2001 .

[3]  A. Stubb.  A Categorization of Differentiated Integration , 1996 .

[4]  Tanja A. Börzel,et al.  Conceptualizing the Domestic Impact of Europe , 2009 .

[5]  M. Keating.  Spatial Dimension , 2021, Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology.

[6]  P. Pierson.  Politics in Time: History, Institutions, and Social Analysis , 2004 .

[7]  H. Wollmann,et al.  Governing After Communism: Institutions and Policymaking , 2006 .

[8]  J. Neve.  The European Onion? How Differentiated Integration is Reshaping the EU , 2007 .

[9]  K. Goetz,et al.  Political time in the EU: dimensions, perspectives, theories , 2009 .

[10]  Brent F. Nelsen.  The European Union: Readings on the Theory and Practice of European Integration , 1994 .

[11]  Mark A. Pollack.  The New Institutionalisms and European Integration , 2007 .

[12]  Ben Rosamond,et al.  Theories of European Integration , 2002 .

[13]  A. Héritier,et al.  Differential Europe: The European Union Impact on National Policymaking , 2001 .

[14]  Thomas Risse,et al.  European Integration Theory , 2018 .

[15]  K. Dyson,et al.  Which Europe? The Politics of Differentiated Integration , 2010 .

[16]  A. Moravcsik,et al.  The choice for Europe , 1998 .

[17]  A. Stubb.  Negotiating flexibility in the European Union , 2002 .

[18]  P. Schmitter.  A Revised Theory of Regional Integration , 1970, International Organization.

[19]  Svein S. Andersen,et al.  Differentiated Integration: What is it and How Much Can the EU Accommodate? , 2006 .

[20]  Alex Warleigh,et al.  Flexible Integration: Which Model for the European Union? , 2002 .

[21]  M. O’Neill.  The Politics of European Integration: A Reader , 1996 .

[22]  The EU timescape: from notion to research agenda , 2009 .

[23]  Andreas Schedler,et al.  Democracy and Time: An Invitation , 1998 .

[24]  W. Wessels.  An Ever Closer Fusion? A Dynamic Macropolitical View on Integration Processes† , 1997 .

[25]  M. O’Neill.  The politics of European integration , 1996 .

[26]  K. Goetz.  How does the EU tick? Five propositions on political time , 2009 .

[27]  K. Goetz,et al.  Europeanization compared: the shrinking core and the decline of 'soft' power , 2003 .

[28]  Mark A. Pollack,et al.  Handbook of European union politics , 2007 .

[29]  S. Bulmer.  New institutionalism and the governance of the Single European Market , 1998 .

[30]  Kenneth A. Armstrong,et al.  The Governance of the Single European Market , 1998 .

[31]  K. Goetz.  Territory, Temporality and Clustered Europeanization , 2006 .

[32]  K. Dyson.  The evolving timescapes of European economic governance: contesting and using time , 2009 .

[33]  P. Schmitter,et al.  Three Temporal Dimensions to the Consolidation of Democracy , 1998 .

[34]  M. Ekengren.  The Time of European Governance , 2002 .

[35]  W. Nordhaus.  The Political Business Cycle , 1975 .