Psychiatric Effects of Solitary Confinement

My name is Dr. Stuart Grassian. I am a Board Certified Psychiatrist and have been on the faculty of the Harvard Medical School since 1974. I have very substantial experience in evaluating the psychiatric effects of solitary confined, and have been retained in class action suits concerning this issue in the states of Massachusetts, New York, Kentucky, and California, and have also evaluated and testified regarding the effects of such conditions in other lawsuits in Massachusetts, Texas, Georgia, and Florida.

[1]  L. Goldberger Experimental isolation: an overview. , 1966, The American journal of psychiatry.

[2]  M. Tyndel Some aspects of the Ganser state. , 1956, The Journal of mental science.

[3]  H. Harlow,et al.  Induced depression in monkeys. , 1974, Behavioral biology.

[4]  H. Lazarus,et al.  Prevention of psychosis following open-heart surgery. , 1968, The American journal of psychiatry.

[5]  H. Weiner,et al.  The Ganser syndrome: a review and addition of some unusual cases. , 1955, The American journal of psychiatry.

[6]  M. Wright,et al.  Personality factors in the selection of civilians for isolated northern stations. , 1963 .

[7]  H. Wolff,et al.  Communist interrogation and indoctrination of "enemies of the states"; analysis of methods used by the Communist state police (a special report). , 1956, A.M.A. archives of neurology and psychiatry.

[8]  M. Orne,et al.  THE CONTRIBUTION OF NONDEPRIVATION FACTORS IN THE PRODUCTION OF SENSORY DEPRIVATION EFFECTS: THE PSYCHOLOGY OF THE "PANIC BUTTON". , 1964, Journal of abnormal psychology.

[9]  L M Wilson,et al.  Intensive Care Delirium: The Effect of Outside Deprivation in a Windowless Unit , 1972 .

[10]  E. Ziskind,et al.  Observations on mental symptoms in eye patched patients: hypnagogic symptoms in sensory deprivation. , 1960, The American journal of psychiatry.

[11]  C. A. Brownfield Isolation: Clinical and experimental approaches. , 1965 .

[12]  E. Ziskind Isolation stress in medical and mental illness. , 1958, Journal of the American Medical Association.

[13]  Gunderson Ek,et al.  ADAPTATION OF SMALL GROUPS TO EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS. , 1963 .

[14]  Kinzo Matsumoto,et al.  Desipramine enhances isolation-induced aggressive behavior in mice , 1991, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[15]  N. Friedman,et al.  Effects of sensory deprivation in psychiatric seclusion and solitary confinement. , 1986, International journal of law and psychiatry.

[16]  H. Harlow,et al.  Depression in primates. , 1971, The American journal of psychiatry.

[17]  W. J. Klein,et al.  Emotional and social adjustment of recent US winter-over parties in isolated Antarctic stations , 1973 .

[18]  Albert D. Biderman,et al.  The manipulation of human behavior , 1961 .

[19]  A. Riesen Excessive Arousal Effects of stimulation after early sensory deprivation , 1961 .

[20]  E. Rothblum,et al.  Psychological factors in the antarctic. , 1990, The Journal of psychology.

[21]  F. A. Whitlock The Ganser Syndrome , 1967, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[22]  D. Freyhan [Psychiatric complications of open heart surgery]. , 1973, Actas luso-espanolas de neurologia, psiquiatria y ciencias afines.

[23]  David A. Washburn,et al.  Impaired performance from brief social isolation of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): a multiple video-task assessment. , 1991 .

[24]  S. Grassian Psychopathological effects of solitary confinement. , 1983, The American journal of psychiatry.

[25]  D. S. Abbey,et al.  Perceptual Deprivation Tolerance and Adequacy of Defenses , 1965, Perceptual and motor skills.

[26]  Jack H. Mendelson,et al.  Sensory deprivation : a symposium held at Harvard Medical School , 1961 .

[27]  W. Bernasco,et al.  Suicidal behavior in jails and prisons in The Netherlands: incidence, characteristics, and prevention. , 1990, Suicide & life-threatening behavior.

[28]  H. Quay,et al.  PSYCHOPATHIC PERSONALITY AS PATHOLOGICAL STIMULATION-SEEKING. , 1965, The American journal of psychiatry.

[29]  K. Altshuler Studies of the deaf: relevance to psychiatric theory. , 1971, The American journal of psychiatry.

[30]  R. Foxx,et al.  Guidelines for the use of contingent electric shock to treat aberrant behavior. , 1986, Progress in behavior modification.

[31]  J. Mendelson,et al.  Sensory deprivation; clinical aspects. , 1958, A.M.A. archives of internal medicine.

[32]  A. Bennett Sensory Deprivation in Aviation , 1961 .

[33]  P. Zimbardo,et al.  Induced hearing deficit generates experimental paranoia , 1981 .

[34]  M. Wright,et al.  Personality factors in the selection of civilians for isolated northern stations: A follow-up study. , 1967 .

[35]  W. W. Webb,et al.  Subjective correlates of emotional responsivity and stimulation seeking in psychopaths, normals, and acting-out neurotics. , 1974, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.

[36]  G. Curtis,et al.  A psychopathological reaction precipitated by sensory deprivation. , 1968, The American journal of psychiatry.

[37]  Hallucinatory experience: a personal account. , 1976, Journal of abnormal psychology.

[38]  Ganser,et al.  Ueber einen eigenartigen hysterischen Dämmerzustand , 1898, Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten.

[39]  A GRAYBIEL,et al.  The break-off phenomenon: a feeling of separation from the earth experienced by pilots at high altitude. , 1957, The Journal of aviation medicine.

[40]  S. Hodgins,et al.  Co-occurring mental disorders among criminal offenders. , 1990, The Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law.

[41]  P. Sutker,et al.  Cognitive deficits and psychopathology among former prisoners of war and combat veterans of the Korean conflict. , 1991, The American journal of psychiatry.

[42]  Robert J. Biersner,et al.  Personality correlates of adjustment in isolated work groups , 1984 .

[43]  R A MCFARLAND,et al.  Human factors in highway safety; a review and evaluation. , 1957, The New England journal of medicine.

[44]  P. Rabins,et al.  Visual hallucinations in patients with macular degeneration. , 1992, The American journal of psychiatry.

[45]  Working in Arctic and Sub-Arctic Conditions: Mental Health Issues * , 1989, Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie.

[46]  D. Rothman,et al.  The Discovery of the Asylum. , 1972 .

[47]  R. A. Schultz-Ross Theoretical difficulties in the treatment of mentally ill prisoners. , 1993, Journal of forensic sciences.

[48]  J. Kay,et al.  PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTURBANCES ASSOCIATED WITH OPEN HEART SURGERY. , 1964, The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science.

[49]  S. Freedman,et al.  Studies in human isolation. , 1959, WADC technical report. Wright Air Development Center.

[50]  J. Lilly Mental effects of reduction of ordinary levels of physical stimuli on intact, healthy persons. , 1956, Psychiatric research reports.

[51]  Bed rest and sensory disturbances. , 1974, The American journal of nursing.