Chronic gastritis classification using gastric X-ray images with a semi-supervised learning method based on tri-training

High-quality annotations for medical images are always costly and scarce. Many applications of deep learning in the field of medical image analysis face the problem of insufficient annotated data. In this paper, we present a semi-supervised learning method for chronic gastritis classification using gastric X-ray images. The proposed semi-supervised learning method based on tri-training can leverage unannotated data to boost the performance that is achieved with a small amount of annotated data. We utilize a novel learning method named Between-Class learning (BC learning) that can considerably enhance the performance of our semi-supervised learning method. As a result, our method can effectively learn from unannotated data and achieve high diagnostic accuracy for chronic gastritis. Graphical Abstract Gastritis classification using gastric X-ray images with semi-supervised learning.

[1]  Tatsuya Harada,et al.  Between-Class Learning for Image Classification , 2017, 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[2]  Sergey Ioffe,et al.  Rethinking the Inception Architecture for Computer Vision , 2015, 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[3]  Zhi-Hua Zhou,et al.  Semi-supervised learning by disagreement , 2010, Knowledge and Information Systems.

[4]  Bo Hu,et al.  A hierarchical semi-supervised extreme learning machine method for EEG recognition , 2018, Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing.

[5]  Leo Joskowicz,et al.  Patient-specific and global convolutional neural networks for robust automatic liver tumor delineation in follow-up CT studies , 2018, Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing.

[6]  Zhi-Hua Zhou,et al.  Tri-training: exploiting unlabeled data using three classifiers , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering.

[7]  Seyed-Ahmad Ahmadi,et al.  V-Net: Fully Convolutional Neural Networks for Volumetric Medical Image Segmentation , 2016, 2016 Fourth International Conference on 3D Vision (3DV).

[8]  Hongyi Zhang,et al.  mixup: Beyond Empirical Risk Minimization , 2017, ICLR.

[9]  Chaoyi Pang,et al.  Identification of pulmonary nodules via CT images with hierarchical fully convolutional networks , 2019, Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing.

[10]  R. Fisher THE USE OF MULTIPLE MEASUREMENTS IN TAXONOMIC PROBLEMS , 1936 .

[11]  D. Metz,et al.  Radiographically diagnosed antral gastritis: findings in patients with and without Helicobacter pylori infection. , 2002, The British journal of radiology.

[12]  T. Takemoto,et al.  An Endoscopic Recognition of the Atrophic Border and its Significance in Chronic Gastritis , 1969 .

[13]  Corinna Cortes,et al.  Support-Vector Networks , 1995, Machine Learning.

[14]  Guigang Zhang,et al.  Deep Learning , 2016, Int. J. Semantic Comput..

[15]  Leo Breiman,et al.  Random Forests , 2001, Machine Learning.

[16]  Geoffrey E. Hinton,et al.  Deep Learning , 2015, Nature.

[17]  Lin Yang,et al.  Deep Adversarial Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation Utilizing Unannotated Images , 2017, MICCAI.

[18]  Li Fei-Fei,et al.  ImageNet: A large-scale hierarchical image database , 2009, CVPR.

[19]  Miki Haseyama,et al.  Detection of gastritis by a deep convolutional neural network from double-contrast upper gastrointestinal barium X-ray radiography , 2018, Journal of Gastroenterology.

[20]  Gokhan Bilgin,et al.  Cell segmentation in histopathological images with deep learning algorithms by utilizing spatial relationships , 2017, Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing.

[21]  Kilian Q. Weinberger,et al.  Densely Connected Convolutional Networks , 2016, 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[22]  Hao Chen,et al.  Validation, comparison, and combination of algorithms for automatic detection of pulmonary nodules in computed tomography images: The LUNA16 challenge , 2016, Medical Image Anal..

[23]  Ronald M. Summers,et al.  Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Computer-Aided Detection: CNN Architectures, Dataset Characteristics and Transfer Learning , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging.

[24]  Shan Huang,et al.  Automatic recognition of 3D GGO CT imaging signs through the fusion of hybrid resampling and layer-wise fine-tuning CNNs , 2018, Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing.

[25]  Vincent Barra,et al.  Semi-supervised superpixel classification for medical images segmentation: application to detection of glaucoma disease , 2017, Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing.

[26]  M. Mori,et al.  Analysis of ABC (D) stratification for screening patients with gastric cancer. , 2011, World journal of gastroenterology.

[27]  N. Yamamichi,et al.  Atrophic gastritis and enlarged gastric folds diagnosed by double-contrast upper gastrointestinal barium X-ray radiography are useful to predict future gastric cancer development based on the 3-year prospective observation , 2016, Gastric Cancer.

[28]  Jian Sun,et al.  Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition , 2015, 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[29]  David Hinkley,et al.  Bootstrap Methods: Another Look at the Jackknife , 2008 .

[30]  Thomas Brox,et al.  U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation , 2015, MICCAI.

[31]  Bram van Ginneken,et al.  A survey on deep learning in medical image analysis , 2017, Medical Image Anal..

[32]  Miki Haseyama,et al.  Estimation of salient regions related to chronic gastritis using gastric X-ray images , 2016, Comput. Biol. Medicine.

[33]  Nassir Navab,et al.  Semi-supervised Deep Learning for Fully Convolutional Networks , 2017, MICCAI.

[34]  Ben Glocker,et al.  Semi-supervised Learning for Network-Based Cardiac MR Image Segmentation , 2017, MICCAI.