Chapter 31: CNS glial scar tissue: a source of molecules which inhibit central neurite outgrowth

Publisher Summary The chapter describes the interactions between purified gliotic membranes and embryonic central nervous system (CNS) explants. Gliotic membranes have different effects on neurite outgrowth, depending on whether the lesion is isomorphic or anisomorphic. The partial characterization of a proteoglycan associated with isomorphic gliotic membranes, which appears to inhibit central neurite outgrowth is also described. The major component of the glial scar is reactive glia. Reactive glia formation is the most general and stereotyped reaction of the CNS to any type of insult. From a neuropathological point of view, gliosis can be classified as anisomorphic or isomorphic, based on whether the eliciting stimulus is an open injury. Plasma membranes isolated from fresh tissue maintain the characteristics of the living cell surface; therefore, plasma membranes are isolated from glial scar tissue to study directly the interaction of growing axons with the scar cellular components, predominantly reactive astrocytes and microglial cells.

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