Small Ship Detection on Optical Satellite Imagery with YOLO and YOLT

Actually, the use of deep learning in object detection gives good results, but this performance decreases when there are small objects in the image. In this work, is presented a comparison between the last version of You Only Look Once (YOLO) and You Only Look Twice (YOLT) on the problem of detecting small objects (ships) on optical satellite imagery. Two datasets were used: High-Resolution Ship Collection (HRSC) and Mini Ship Data Set (MSDS), the last one was built by us. The mean object’s width for HRSC and MSDS are 150 and 50 pixels, respectively. The results showed that YOLT is good only for small objects with 76,06% of Average Precision (AP), meanwhile, YOLO reached 69,80% in the MSDS dataset. Moreover, in the case of the HRSC dataset where have objects of different sizes, YOLT obtained a 40% of AP against 75% of YOLO.

[1]  Fang Xu,et al.  Ship Detection in Optical Remote Sensing Images Based on Saliency and a Rotation-Invariant Descriptor , 2018, Remote. Sens..

[2]  Dan Zecha,et al.  A closer look: Small object detection in faster R-CNN , 2017, 2017 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME).

[3]  Hangyu Wang,et al.  A Novel Ship Detection Method Based on Gradient and Integral Feature for Single-Polarization Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery , 2018, Sensors.

[4]  Yiping Yang,et al.  A High Resolution Optical Satellite Image Dataset for Ship Recognition and Some New Baselines , 2017, ICPRAM.

[5]  Laurent Demagistri,et al.  Fully automated procedure for ship detection using optical satellite imagery , 2008, Asia-Pacific Remote Sensing.

[6]  Ying Liu,et al.  Ship Detection and Classification on Optical Remote Sensing Images Using Deep Learning , 2017 .

[7]  Ali Farhadi,et al.  YOLO9000: Better, Faster, Stronger , 2016, 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[8]  Ali Farhadi,et al.  YOLOv3: An Incremental Improvement , 2018, ArXiv.

[9]  Pietro Perona,et al.  Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Context , 2014, ECCV.

[10]  Koen E. A. van de Sande,et al.  Selective Search for Object Recognition , 2013, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[11]  Junwei Han,et al.  A Survey on Object Detection in Optical Remote Sensing Images , 2016, ArXiv.

[12]  Luc Van Gool,et al.  The Pascal Visual Object Classes Challenge: A Retrospective , 2014, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[13]  Wei Liu,et al.  Ship Classification and Detection Based on CNN Using GF-3 SAR Images , 2018, Remote. Sens..

[14]  Kaiming He,et al.  Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networks , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[15]  Menglong Yan,et al.  Automatic Ship Detection in Remote Sensing Images from Google Earth of Complex Scenes Based on Multiscale Rotation Dense Feature Pyramid Networks , 2018, Remote. Sens..

[16]  Weiwei Sun,et al.  R-CNN-Based Ship Detection from High Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery , 2019, Remote. Sens..

[17]  Wei Liu,et al.  SSD: Single Shot MultiBox Detector , 2015, ECCV.

[18]  Jian Sun,et al.  Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition , 2015, 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[19]  Biao Li,et al.  Multiscale Rotated Bounding Box-Based Deep Learning Method for Detecting Ship Targets in Remote Sensing Images , 2018, Sensors.

[20]  Jian Yao,et al.  S-CNN-BASED SHIP DETECTION FROM HIGH-RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING IMAGES , 2016 .

[21]  Adam Van Etten,et al.  Satellite Imagery Multiscale Rapid Detection with Windowed Networks , 2018, WACV.

[22]  Ross B. Girshick,et al.  Fast R-CNN , 2015, 1504.08083.

[23]  Trevor Darrell,et al.  Rich Feature Hierarchies for Accurate Object Detection and Semantic Segmentation , 2013, 2014 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[24]  Michael Inggs,et al.  Ship target recognition using low resolution radar and neural networks , 1999 .

[25]  Yang Li,et al.  A Ship Rotation Detection Model in Remote Sensing Images Based on Feature Fusion Pyramid Network and Deep Reinforcement Learning , 2018, Remote. Sens..

[26]  Menglong Yan,et al.  Position Detection and Direction Prediction for Arbitrary-Oriented Ships via Multitask Rotation Region Convolutional Neural Network , 2018, IEEE Access.

[27]  Adam Van Etten,et al.  You Only Look Twice: Rapid Multi-Scale Object Detection In Satellite Imagery , 2018, ArXiv.

[28]  Weishan Zhang,et al.  Embedded Deep Learning for Ship Detection and Recognition , 2019, Future Internet.

[29]  Ali Farhadi,et al.  You Only Look Once: Unified, Real-Time Object Detection , 2015, 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[30]  Lining Gao,et al.  A Visual Search Inspired Computational Model for Ship Detection in Optical Satellite Images , 2012, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters.