Characteristics of Peltier current lead system for alternating current mode

Since the Peltier current lead (PCL) was proposed to reduce heat leakage in low-temperature systems, numerical calculations and experimental studies have been performed. However, these studies were done for the direct current (DC) mode because the applications of superconducting systems are mainly used in DC mode. On the other hand, since commercial electric power is mainly used in the alternating current (AC) mode, future studies for superconducting application should move towards the AC mode. The topics to study in alternating current PCL (AC-PCL) are switching devices, transportation phenomena in thermoelectric semiconductors in the AC mode, and thermal transportation of current lead under AC operation. We study the AC-PCL numerically.