An exergy analysis for cement industries: An overview

Abstract Cement production has been one of the most energy intensive industries in the world with energy typically accounting about 30–40% of the production costs. Reduction of the production cost is very much important. Therefore, many studies on the efficient use of energy were carried out in the past. Moreover, these studies, which are based on exergy analysis, focus on industrial applications only. This paper reviewed exergy analysis, exergy balance, and exergetic efficiencies for cement industry. It is found that the exergy efficiency for cement production units ranges from 18% to 49% as well as the exergy losses due to the irreversibility from kiln are higher than other units in cement production plant.

[1]  Haji Hassan Masjuki,et al.  An application of energy and exergy analysis in residential sector of Malaysia , 2007 .

[2]  Ünal Çamdali,et al.  Energy and exergy analyses in a rotary burner with pre-calcinations in cement production , 2004 .

[3]  Arif Hepbasli,et al.  Energetic and exergetic assessment of the industrial sector at varying dead (reference) state temperatures : A review with an illustrative example , 2008 .

[4]  Ernst Worrell,et al.  Potentials for energy efficiency improvement in the US cement industry , 2000 .

[5]  Marc A. Rosen,et al.  Exergy Analysis of Energy Systems , 2004 .

[6]  V. I. Babushkin,et al.  Thermodynamics of silicates , 1984 .

[7]  Arif Hepbasli,et al.  Energy and exergy analyses of a raw mill in a cement production , 2006 .

[8]  U. N. Gaitonde,et al.  Energy balance and cogeneration for a cement plant , 2002 .

[9]  D. A. Rasheva,et al.  Exergy efficiency evaluation of the production of sulfuric acid from liquid sulfur , 2002 .

[10]  Rahman Saidur,et al.  Analysis of energy and exergy use for process heating in the industrial sector of Malaysia , 2006 .

[11]  A. Bejan.  Entropy generation minimization: The new thermodynamics of finite-size devices and finite-time processes , 1996 .

[12]  Arif Hepbasli,et al.  Investigation of effect of varying dead-state temperatures on energy and exergy efficiencies of a Raw Mill process in a cement plant , 2009 .

[13]  Haji Hassan Masjuki,et al.  An estimation of the energy and exergy efficiencies for the energy resources consumption in the transportation sector in Malaysia , 2007 .

[14]  Mohammad. Rasul,et al.  Assessment of the thermal performance and energy conservation opportunities of a cement industry in Indonesia , 2005 .

[15]  Yiping Dai,et al.  Exergy analyses and parametric optimizations for different cogeneration power plants in cement industry , 2009 .

[16]  Reinerus Louwrentius Cornelissen,et al.  Thermodynamics and sustainable development; the use of exergy analysis and the reduction of irreversibility , 1997 .

[17]  Patrick E. Phelan,et al.  Energy and exergy utilizations of the U.S. manufacturing sector , 2010 .

[18]  Ednildo Andrade Torres,et al.  Exergetic evaluation of a cogeneration system in a petrochemical complex , 1998 .

[19]  Ünal Çamdali,et al.  Thermodynamic Analysis of Some Industrial Applications with Variable Ambient Conditions , 2004 .

[20]  Amir Rahimi,et al.  Energy and exergy analysis for cocurrent gas spray cooling systems based on the results of mathematical modeling and simulation , 2009 .

[21]  Ernst Worrell,et al.  Exergy accounting of energy and materials flows in steel production systems , 2001 .

[22]  P. E. Liley.  Flow exergy of moist air , 2002 .

[23]  A. Saxena,et al.  Energy efficiency through technological improvements , 1995 .

[24]  Zuhal Oktay,et al.  Energy and exergy analyses in a thermal process of a production line for a cement factory and applications , 2008 .

[25]  Haji Hassan Masjuki,et al.  Energy and exergy analysis at the utility and commercial sectors of Malaysia , 2007 .

[26]  D. Morris,et al.  Standard chemical exergy of some elements and compounds on the planet earth , 1986 .

[27]  Hadi Purwanto,et al.  Process analysis of the effective utilization of molten slag heat by direct blast furnace cement production system , 2010 .

[28]  Djamel Touil,et al.  Heat Exchange Modeling of a Grate Clinker Cooler and Entropy Production Analysis , 2005 .

[29]  M. M. Hussain,et al.  Energy and exergy use in the industrial sector of Saudi Arabia , 2003 .

[30]  T. J. Kotas,et al.  The Exergy Method of Thermal Plant Analysis , 2012 .

[31]  P. A. Trubaev,et al.  Criteria for the Thermodynamic Efficiency of Cement Clinker Production from Natural Raw Material , 2005 .

[32]  Eiki Kasai,et al.  Thermodynamic Analysis of Thermochemical Recovery of High Temperature Wastes , 2000 .

[33]  Maciej Z. Lukawski.  Design and optimization of standardized organic Rankine cycle power plant for European conditions , 2010 .

[34]  P. A. Trubaev.  Exergy analysis of thermal processes in the building materials industry , 2006 .

[35]  Christopher J. Koroneos,et al.  Exergy analysis of renewable energy sources , 2003 .

[36]  T. Hikmet Karakoc,et al.  Mathematical modeling of heat recovery from a rotary kiln , 2010 .

[37]  Antonio Valero,et al.  Application of Thermoeconomics to Industrial Ecology , 2010, Entropy.

[38]  H. A. Makroum,et al.  Influence of variables on cement kiln performance , 1995 .

[39]  Christopher J. Koroneos,et al.  Exergy analysis of cement production , 2005 .

[40]  Tahsin Engin,et al.  Energy auditing and recovery for dry type cement rotary kiln systems––A case study , 2005 .