Low Frequency Noise Characteristics of Multimode and Singlemode Laser Diodes

Three main fluctuating quantities are considered in the laser diode (LD) noise investigation: emitted optical power (optical noise), phase (or frequency) and LD terminal voltage (electrical noise). Both phase and amplitude fluctuations of LD affect the performance of optical communication system. Phase fluctuations determine the linewidth, which is related with radiation frequency and is very important parameter (Jacobsen, 2010; Tsuchida, 2011). Amplitude fluctuations appear in both total output power and the output levels of longitudinal modes, and may indeed contribute significantly to the error rate for externally modulated LD operating at high data rate in communication system (Jacobsen, 2010; Nilson et al., 1991). The low frequency noise can beat with the modulation signal to produce enhanced noise in the “wings” around the modulation signal and causes significant degradation in signal-to-noise (S/N) performance in optical transmission (Gray & Agrawal, 1991; Lau et al., 1993). Electrical noise governs injected carrier number in the active region and therefore emitted photon number: optical and electrical fluctuations are partly correlated.

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