An internal model approach to (optimal) frequency regulation in power grids with time-varying voltages

The power grid can be regarded as a large interconnected network of different subsystems, called control area’s. In order to guarantee reliable operation the frequency is tightly regulated around its nominal value, e.g. 50 Hz. Automatic regulation of the frequency in power grid is traditionally achieved by primary proportional control (droop-control) and a secondary PI-control on the generators, where economic considerations are largely neglected. Recently we proposed a novel distributed controller in [1] that controls power production such that the frequency is regulated in an economic efficient way. Main advantage of our approach, based on passivity properties of the system, is that it has the potential to deal with more complex models of dynamical networks and fairly rich classes of external perturbations.

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