Design and implementation of fuzzy logic based automatic gain controller for EDFAs

Abstract In this study, the design and implementation of a fuzzy logic (FL) based automatic gain controller card (AGC) is performed in order to control the pump laser current with respect to signal power and signal wavelength. The FL-AGC card consists of an amplifier, an analogue to digital converter (ADC), a digital to analogue converter (DAC), and a FL based software that is embedded to a microcontroller. With this configuration, gain flattening at the output of the erbium doped fibre amplifier (EDFA) along C band is achieved. In this way, ergonomically designed FL-AGC card can be easily matched with EDFAs and can be applicable to optical system applications.

[1]  G. Jacobsen,et al.  Gain-clamped dynamics in EDFA with combined electronic feed-forward-optical feedback control , 2002, Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibit.

[2]  Giancarlo Mauri,et al.  Learning fuzzy rules with tabu search-an application to control , 1999, IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst..

[3]  Chuen-Chien Lee.  FUZZY LOGIC CONTROL SYSTEMS: FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER - PART I , 1990 .

[4]  Hai Juan Chen,et al.  Gain Flattened Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier Using Simple Equalizing Film , 1999 .

[5]  Fatih V. Celebi,et al.  Computer-aided design model for a quantum-cascade laser , 2011, IET Circuits Devices Syst..

[6]  Kuniaki Motoshima,et al.  A channel-number insensitive erbium-doped fiber amplifier with automatic gain and power regulation function , 2001 .

[7]  Hwa-Yaw Tam,et al.  Optical automatic gain control of EDFA using two oscillating lasers in a single feedback loop , 2003 .

[8]  Chuen-Chien Lee,et al.  Fuzzy logic in control systems: fuzzy logic controller. II , 1990, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern..

[9]  Murat Yucel,et al.  RETRACTED — Simple and efficient ANN model proposed for the temperature dependence of EDFA gain based on experimental results , 2013 .

[10]  Shui-Ken Wei,et al.  High Efficiency Automatic-Power-Controlled and Gain-Clamped EDFA for Broadband Passive Optical Networking Systems , 2010 .

[11]  Russell C. Eberhart,et al.  Implementation of evolutionary fuzzy systems , 1999, IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst..

[12]  Masayuki Nishimura,et al.  Superior high-speed automatic gain controlled erbium-doped fiber amplifiers , 2003 .

[13]  Fatih V. Celebi,et al.  Injection level dependence of the gain, refractive index variation, and alpha (α) parameter in broad-area InGaAs deep quantum-well lasers , 2006 .

[14]  Masahiko Jinno,et al.  Pump power reduction of optical feedback controlled EDFA using electrical feedforward control , 2006 .

[15]  James C. Bezdek,et al.  Fuzzy models—What are they, and why? [Editorial] , 1993, IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems.

[16]  Murat Yucel,et al.  A fuzzy logic based device for the determination of temperature dependence of EDFAs , 2008 .

[17]  Murat Yucel,et al.  Fuzzy logic based device to implement a single CAD model for a laser diode based on characteristic quantities , 2012 .

[18]  Fatih V. Celebi,et al.  Optical gain modelling in type I and type II Quantum Cascade Lasers by using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System , 2012, 2012 20th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU).

[19]  Derek A. Linkens,et al.  Rule-base generation via symbiotic evolution for a Mamdani-type fuzzy control system , 2001, 10th IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems. (Cat. No.01CH37297).

[20]  Murat Yucel,et al.  The effect of pump laser wavelength change on the temperature dependence of EDFA (in ENGLISH) , 2011, 2011 IEEE 19th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU).

[21]  M. Yucel,et al.  C band erbium doped fiber amplifier as a flat gain optical amplifier , 2008, 2008 IEEE 16th Signal Processing, Communication and Applications Conference.

[22]  R. Yildirim,et al.  Semiconductor laser modeling with ANFIS , 2009, 2009 International Conference on Application of Information and Communication Technologies.

[23]  F. Çelebi.  A proposed CAD model based on amplified spontaneous emission spectroscopy , 2005 .

[24]  A. Carena,et al.  EDFA gain transients: experimental demonstration of a low cost electronic control , 2003, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[25]  Remzi Yildirim,et al.  Neural computation of alpha parameter with the use of differential gain, wavelength, and number of quantum wells , 2004, SPIE Micro + Nano Materials, Devices, and Applications.

[26]  Xiao-Jun Zeng,et al.  Knowledge bounded least squares method for the identification of fuzzy systems , 2003, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part C.

[27]  Fatih V. Celebi,et al.  Neural estimator to determine alpha parameter in terms of quantum-well number , 2005 .

[28]  M. Yucel,et al.  Gain Flattening Configurations at the L Band Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers , 2007, 2007 IEEE 15th Signal Processing and Communications Applications.

[29]  M. Haridim,et al.  All-Optical AGC of EDFA Based on SOA , 2006, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics.

[30]  Seref Sagiroglu,et al.  Modelling of the Linewidth Enhancement Factor with the Use of Radial Basis Function Network , 2002 .

[31]  Murat Yucel,et al.  Temperature independent length optimization of L-band EDFAs providing flat gain , 2011 .

[32]  Murat Yucel,et al.  Determination of Minimum Temperature Coefficient of C Band EDFA , 2008 .

[33]  Fatih V. Celebi,et al.  Design of a high precision temperature measurement system based on artificial neural network for different thermocouple types , 2006 .

[34]  Fatih V. Celebi,et al.  A different approach to gain computation in laser diodes with respect to different number of quantum-wells , 2005 .

[35]  F.V. Celebi,et al.  Modeling quantum cascade lasers by multilayer perceptrons , 2009, 2009 International Conference on Application of Information and Communication Technologies.

[36]  H. Haldun Göktas,et al.  Optimization of the three stages L band EDFA , 2012, 2012 20th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU).

[37]  Murat Yucel.  Fuzzy logic-based automatic gain controller for EDFA , 2011 .

[38]  Kenan Danisman,et al.  A different approach for the computation of refractive index change in quantum-well diode lasers for different injection levels , 2004, International Symposium on Laser Precision Microfabrication.

[39]  Sien Chi,et al.  Gain flattening of erbium-doped fibre amplifier using fibre Bragg gratings , 1998 .

[40]  Murat Yucel,et al.  The noise figure and gain improvement of double‐pass C‐band EDFA , 2013 .

[41]  O. Nelles,et al.  Fuzzy rule extraction by a genetic algorithm and constrained nonlinear optimization of membership functions , 1996, Proceedings of IEEE 5th International Fuzzy Systems.

[42]  J. Zyskind,et al.  Experimental and theoretical analysis of relaxation-oscillations and spectral hole burning effects in all-optical gain-clamped EDFA's for WDM networks , 1998 .

[43]  Bulent Tugrul,et al.  A Complete CAD Model for Type-I Quantum Cascade Lasers with the use of Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm , 2012 .

[44]  Susumu Kinoshita,et al.  Analysis and control of transient dynamics of EDFA pumped by 1480- and 980-nm lasers , 2003 .