Dispatching Potential Evaluation of Thermostatically Controlled Loads Based on Realistic Customer Electricity Data in China

With the development of the information and communication technologies, demand response (DR) can be realized more easily and considered as one of effective methods to provide regulation services for the power system. Among the flexible loads for DR, thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) are regarded as one of the most important loads, because of the large share of power consumption and suitable regulation characteristics without impacting customers’ comfort. However, the dispatching potential of TCLs is difficult to be evaluated due to the limitation of measuring equipment. Faced with this issue, this paper proposes a method for evaluating the dispatching potential of TCLs based on the realistic customer electricity data in China. The relationship between the dispatching potential of TCLs and the ambient temperature is obtained. In this way, the system operator can calculate the dispatching potential of TCLs according to the weather forecast. The effectiveness of the proposed model and method is verified in the case studies.

[1]  Yuan-Yih Hsu,et al.  Dispatch of direct load control using dynamic programming , 1991 .

[2]  A. I. Cohen,et al.  An optimization method for load management scheduling , 1988 .

[3]  Gao Ciwe,et al.  Bi-level Optimal Dispatch and Control Strategy for Air-conditioning Load Based on Direct Load Control , 2014 .

[4]  S.E. Widergren,et al.  Modeling uncertainties in aggregated thermostatically controlled loads using a State queueing model , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[5]  Hong-Tzer Yang,et al.  Fuzzy dynamic programming for robust direct load control , 1998, Proceedings of EMPD '98. 1998 International Conference on Energy Management and Power Delivery (Cat. No.98EX137).

[6]  Deng Yuxi.  Direct Load Control Strategies and Optimization Scheduling of Thermostatically Controlled Loads , 2015 .

[7]  Yi Ding,et al.  Evaluation and Sequential Dispatch of Operating Reserve Provided by Air Conditioners Considering Lead–Lag Rebound Effect , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[8]  N. Lu,et al.  A state-queueing model of thermostatically controlled appliances , 2004 .

[9]  Hongxun Hui,et al.  Modeling and control of flexible loads for frequency regulation services considering compensation of communication latency and detection error , 2019, Applied Energy.

[10]  Hongxun Hui,et al.  Operating reserve capacity evaluation of aggregated heterogeneous TCLs with price signals , 2018 .

[11]  Ning Lu,et al.  A state-queueing model of thermostatically controlled appliances , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[12]  Yonghua Song,et al.  Operating reserve evaluation of aggregated air conditioners , 2017 .

[13]  Pierluigi Siano,et al.  Capacity Allocation and Optimal Control of Inverter Air Conditioners Considering Area Control Error in Multi-Area Power Systems , 2020, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.