A synchronous duty-cycled reservation based MAC protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks

Abstract To design an energy efficient Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol for the Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) is an urgent research issue since depleted batteries cannot be recharged or replaced in the underwater environment. Moreover, the underwater acoustic channels are affected by hindrances such as long propagation delay and limited bandwidth which appear in the design of the MAC protocol for the UWSNs. The available MAC protocols for the terrestrial wireless sensor networks exhibit low performance in terms of energy efficiency, throughput and reliability in the UWSNs and cannot be used in the UWSNs directly because of their unique characteristics. This paper proposes a synchronous duty-cycled reservation-based MAC protocol named Ordered Contention MAC (OCMAC) protocol. The basic mechanism of this protocol is to schedule data transmission by transmitters through the scheduling of Ready To Send (RTS) frames. The protocol eliminates the possible collision during data transmission and improves the communication efficiency. The paper analyzes the performance in terms of energy efficiency, throughput and reliability of the protocol by modeling the queuing behavior of OCMAC with a Markov Chain process. Furthermore, the analytical model is validated through a simulation study. Analytical results demonstrated the energy savings achievable with the OCMAC while providing good throughput and reliability.

[1]  Jae-Won Lee,et al.  A Hybrid Sender- and Receiver-Initiated Protocol Scheme in Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks , 2015, Sensors.

[2]  Mohammad Hammoudeh,et al.  A Survey on MAC Protocols for Duty-cycled Wireless Sensor Networks , 2015 .

[3]  Seema Ansari,et al.  Analysis of MAC Strategies for Underwater Applications , 2015, Wireless Personal Communications.

[4]  Mayank Dave,et al.  Protocol Stack of Underwater Wireless Sensor Network: Classical Approaches and New Trends , 2018, Wireless Personal Communications.

[5]  Wendi B. Heinzelman,et al.  Modeling and Performance Analysis for Duty-Cycled MAC Protocols with Applications to S-MAC and X-MAC , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[6]  Meiqin Liu,et al.  A Slotted-FAMA based MAC Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks with Data Train , 2016, Journal of Signal Processing Systems.

[7]  Gurkan Tuna,et al.  A survey on deployment techniques, localization algorithms, and research challenges for underwater acoustic sensor networks , 2017, Int. J. Commun. Syst..

[8]  Subramaniam Shamala,et al.  An Energy-Aware Cross-Layer Cooperative MAC Protocol for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks , 2015, J. Netw. Comput. Appl..

[9]  Huifang Chen,et al.  A hybrid reservation-based MAC protocol for underwater acoustic sensor networks , 2013, Ad Hoc Networks.

[10]  Yu-Chieh Lin,et al.  A Receiver-Initiated MAC Protocol with Packet Train Design for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks , 2015, Wirel. Pers. Commun..

[11]  V. Rodoplu,et al.  UWAN-MAC: An Energy-Efficient MAC Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Wireless Sensor Networks , 2007, IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering.

[12]  Junhai Luo,et al.  Research on Localization Algorithms Based on Acoustic Communication for Underwater Sensor Networks , 2017, Sensors.

[13]  Li Xiao,et al.  The Evolution of MAC Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey , 2013, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[14]  Mazleena Salleh,et al.  Routing protocols based on node mobility for Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN): A survey , 2017, J. Netw. Comput. Appl..

[15]  Mehul Motani,et al.  A Bidirectional-Concurrent MAC Protocol With Packet Bursting for Underwater Acoustic Networks , 2013, IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering.

[16]  K. M. Mridula,et al.  Localization under anchor node uncertainty for underwater acoustic sensor networks , 2018, Int. J. Commun. Syst..

[17]  Maode Ma,et al.  A Survey on MAC Protocols for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks , 2014, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[18]  Jinwhan Kim,et al.  DOTS: A Propagation Delay-Aware Opportunistic MAC Protocol for Mobile Underwater Networks , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[19]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  Medium access control with coordinated adaptive sleeping for wireless sensor networks , 2004, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.

[20]  Anantha P. Chandrakasan,et al.  An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks , 2002, IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun..

[21]  Dario Pompili,et al.  Underwater acoustic sensor networks: research challenges , 2005, Ad Hoc Networks.

[22]  Shengming Jiang,et al.  State-of-the-Art Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocols for Underwater Acoustic Networks: A Survey Based on a MAC Reference Model , 2018, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[23]  Milica Stojanovic,et al.  Underwater sensor networks: applications, advances and challenges , 2012, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences.

[24]  Palvinder Singh Mann,et al.  Energy efficient clustering protocol based on improved metaheuristic in wireless sensor networks , 2017, J. Netw. Comput. Appl..