Binary square axicon with chiral focusing properties for optical trapping

Abstract. We introduce a novel phase-only diffractive optical element called chiral binary square axicon (CBSA). The CBSA is designed by linearly rotating the square half-period zones of the binary square axicon with respect to one another. A quadratic phase mask (QPM) is combined with the CBSA using modulo-2π phase addition technique to bring the far-field intensity pattern of CBSA at the focal plane of the QPM and to introduce quasiachromatic effects. The periodically rotated zones of CBSA produce a whirlpool phase profile and twisted intensity patterns at the focal plane of QPM. The degree of twisting seen in the intensity patterns is dependent upon the angular step size of rotation of the zones. The intensity pattern was found to rotate around the optical axis along the direction of propagation. The phase patterns of CBSA with different angles of zone rotation are displayed on a phase-only spatial light modulator, and the experimental results were found to match with the simulation results. To evaluate the optical trapping capabilities of CBSA, an optical trapping experiment was carried out and the optical fields generated by CBSA were used for trapping and rotating yeast cells.

[1]  V. Minogin,et al.  Cooling, trapping, and storage of atoms by resonant laser fields , 1979 .

[2]  I.V. Minin,et al.  Array of Fresnel Zone Plate Lens Antennas: Circular, Hexagonal with Chiral Symmetry and Hexagonal Boundary , 2006, 2006 Joint 31st International Conference on Infrared Millimeter Waves and 14th International Conference on Teraherz Electronics.

[3]  Johannes Courtial,et al.  Interactive approach to optical tweezers control. , 2006, Applied optics.

[4]  S. Bhattacharya,et al.  Quasi-achromatic Fresnel zone lens with ring focus. , 2014, Applied optics.

[5]  Andrew Forbes,et al.  Doughnut laser beam as an incoherent superposition of two petal beams. , 2014, Optics letters.

[6]  J Turunen,et al.  Realization of general nondiffracting beams with computer-generated holograms. , 1989, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[7]  Sophie Vo,et al.  Airy beams: a geometric optics perspective. , 2010, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[8]  Fred M. Dickey,et al.  Laser Beam Shaping , 2003 .

[9]  K. Dholakia,et al.  Optical micromanipulation using a Bessel light beam , 2001 .

[10]  Xudong Chen,et al.  Optical image encryption based on diffractive imaging. , 2010, Optics letters.

[11]  Bo Sun,et al.  Theory of holographic optical trapping. , 2008, Optics express.

[12]  Anand Vijayakumar,et al.  Design of multifunctional diffractive optical elements , 2015 .

[13]  J. Mcleod.  The Axicon: A New Type of Optical Element , 1954 .

[14]  Andrew Forbes,et al.  From stationary annular rings to rotating Bessel beams. , 2012, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[15]  Joseph Rosen,et al.  Experimental demonstration of square Fresnel zone plate with chiral side lobes. , 2017, Applied optics.

[16]  Ming Liu,et al.  Square optical vortices generated by binary spiral zone plates , 2011 .

[17]  Humio Inaba,et al.  Optical trapping and manipulation of microscopic particles and biological cells by laser beams , 1996 .

[18]  H. Nishihara,et al.  Blazed gratings and Fresnel lenses fabricated by electron-beam lithography. , 1982, Optics letters.

[19]  Igor V. Minin,et al.  Diffractive Optics and Nanophotonics: Resolution Below the Diffraction Limit , 2015 .

[20]  A. Ashkin.  Acceleration and trapping of particles by radiation pressure , 1970 .

[21]  Shanti Bhattacharya,et al.  Design, fabrication, and evaluation of a multilevel spiral-phase Fresnel zone plate for optical trapping. , 2012, Applied optics.

[22]  J Rosen,et al.  Generation of structured light by multilevel orbital angular momentum holograms. , 2019, Optics express.

[23]  Chau-Jern Cheng,et al.  Integrated dual-tomography for refractive index analysis of free-floating single living cell with isotropic superresolution , 2018, Scientific Reports.

[24]  M Rioux,et al.  Ring pattern of a lens-axicon doublet illuminated by a Gaussian beam. , 1978, Applied optics.

[25]  A. Ashkin,et al.  Forces of a single-beam gradient laser trap on a dielectric sphere in the ray optics regime. , 1992, Biophysical journal.

[26]  Reginald Birngruber,et al.  Axicon: a new laser beam delivery system for corneal surgery , 1990 .

[27]  Igor V. Minin,et al.  Improved zoning rule for designing square Fresnel zone plate lenses , 2007 .

[28]  Anand Vijayakumar,et al.  Design and Fabrication of Diffractive Optical Elements With Matlab , 2017 .

[29]  Daomu Zhao,et al.  Focusing properties of Fresnel zone plates with spiral phase. , 2010, Optics express.

[30]  K. T. Gahagan,et al.  Optical vortex trapping of particles , 1996, Summaries of papers presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics.

[31]  Guoqiang Li,et al.  Switchable electro-optic diffractive lens with high efficiency for ophthalmic applications. , 2006, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[32]  D. Grier,et al.  Optical tweezer arrays and optical substrates created with diffractive optics , 1998 .

[33]  Nirmal K Viswanathan,et al.  Topological structures in the Poynting vector field: an experimental realization. , 2013, Optics letters.

[34]  Yu-Chih Lin,et al.  Optically driven full-angle sample rotation for tomographic imaging in digital holographic microscopy. , 2017, Optics letters.

[35]  Igor V. Minin,et al.  Basic Principles of Fresnel Antenna Arrays , 2008, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering.

[36]  A. Ashkin,et al.  Optical trapping and manipulation of viruses and bacteria. , 1987, Science.

[37]  Anand Vijayakumar,et al.  Compact generation of superposed higher-order Bessel beams via composite diffractive optical elements , 2015 .

[38]  L. Hazra.  Laser beam shaping , 2008, 2008 2nd National Workshop on Advanced Optoelectronic Materials and Devices.

[39]  K. Dholakia,et al.  Orbital angular momentum of a high-order Bessel light beam , 2002 .

[40]  Ruslan Vasilyeu,et al.  Generating superpositions of higher-order Bessel beams. , 2009, Optics express.

[41]  H. Herzig.  Micro-Optics : Elements, Systems And Applications , 1997 .

[42]  A. Ashkin,et al.  Optical trapping and manipulation of single living cells using infra‐red laser beams , 1989 .

[43]  A. Vijayakumar,et al.  Phase-Shifted Fresnel Zone Lenses for Photomixing Generation of Coherent THz Wave , 2012 .

[44]  J. Mcleod,et al.  Axicons and Their Uses , 1960 .

[45]  S. Lipson,et al.  Adjustable spiral phase plate. , 2004, Applied optics.

[46]  Andrew G. White,et al.  Generation of optical phase singularities by computer-generated holograms. , 1992, Optics letters.