Cognitive Radar Information Networks for Security along Canada / U . S Border By

and Conclusions 34 References 36 Acronyms ABAD automatic behaviour analysis and detection ATC air traffic control COTS commercial off the shelf CR1 cognitive radar with one level of memory CRIN cognitive radar information network CRm cognitive radar with multiple levels of memory FAR fore-active radar FOM figure of merit IFF identify friend or foe LNG liquid natural gas LP long pulse MEZ marine exclusion zone MP medium pulse PAC perception action cycle PD probability of detection PFA probability of false alarm RCS radar cross section RIN radar information network RPM revolutions per minute SP short pulse TAR traditional active radar US United States VRIN virtual radar information network Executive Summary The events of 9/11 have made it necessary for officials to protect their citizens by affordably monitoring potential threats on or alongside vast waterways, such as the 3,700 km long Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway System, which is occupied by large numbers of non-cooperative recreational and commercial vessels, snowmobiles (in winter), and low-flying aircraft. 21 st century, wide-area radar information networks (RINs) have been developed to address these threats and are being deployed on the Canada/US Border. This paper demonstrates the dramatic, additional force multiplication achievable by building the operator's cognitive abilities of attention and intelligence into these networks. We refer to the resulting systems as cognitive radar information networks (CRINs). CRINs learn from the environment and past operator decisions in order to address operator overload and risk management principles. In particular, they can automatically focus system resources (i.e. apply attention) on areas of heightened interest, while maintaining acceptable system performance elsewhere (i.e. attention is applied intelligently). For example, attention can be applied to particular areas when (a) INTEL indicates an illegal activity is going to take place there; (b) a covert operation is underway there; (c) an accident or incident has occurred there; (d) the system detects suspicious activity there; or (e) when a high-risk event could result such as during VIP events or LNG tanker transits. This white paper provides an accessible understanding of CRINs to law enforcement officials, operators, policy makers, program managers, radar system developers and research scientists and hence is a must read.