Lateral Stress Effects on CPT Liquefaction Resistance Correlations

The liquefaction potential of sand is increasingly evaluated using correlations between cone penetration test (CPT) tip resistance and cyclic resistance. These CPT liquefaction correlations have generally been assumed to be independent of the coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest K0, because an increase in K0 is expected to increase both CPT tip resistance and cyclic resistance. In this paper, a procedure is developed that quantifies the effect of K0 on CPT liquefaction correlations for uncemented clean sand by considering separately the effects of K0 on CPT tip resistance and on cyclic resistance. It is shown that CPT liquefaction correlations appear to be reasonably independent of K0 for normalized tip resistances qc1 less than about 12 MPa. However, when K0 exceeds about 1.2 times its normally consolidated value (i.e., K0,NC), neglecting the effects of K0 on the CPT liquefaction correlations can be significantly unconservative for qc1 values greater than about 12 MPa. The proposed procedure may...

[1]  James K. Mitchell,et al.  Static Penetration Resistance of Soils: II - Evaluation of Theory and Implications for Practice , 1975 .

[2]  James K. Mitchell,et al.  Static Penetration Resistance of Soils: I - Analysis , 1975 .

[3]  M. Bolton THE STRENGTH AND DILATANCY OF SANDS , 1986 .

[4]  G T Houlsby,et al.  CALIBRATION CHAMBER TESTS OF A CONE PENETROMETER IN SAND. DISCUSSION , 1988 .

[5]  Peter K. Robertson,et al.  Liquefaction Potential of Sands Using the CPT , 1985 .

[6]  H. T. Durgunoglu,et al.  Static penetration resistance of soils , 1973 .

[7]  Kenji Ishihara,et al.  LIQUEFACTION OF SATURATED SAND IN TRIAXIAL TORSION SHEAR TEST , 1972 .

[8]  Timothy D. Stark,et al.  Liquefaction Resistance Using CPT and Field Case Histories , 1995 .

[9]  Kenji Ishihara,et al.  Liquefaction of anisotropically consolidated sand , 1977 .

[10]  I. M. Idriss,et al.  SIMPLIFIED PROCEDURE FOR EVALUATING SOIL LIQUEFACTION POTENTIAL , 1971 .

[11]  P. Robertson,et al.  SPT-CPT CORRELATIONS , 1983 .

[12]  A. S. Vesić Expansion of Cavities in Infinite Soil Mass , 1972 .

[13]  H. Bolton Seed,et al.  Use of SPT and CPT Tests for Evaluating the Liquefaction Resistance of Sands , 1986 .

[14]  H. Bolton Seed,et al.  Test Procedures for Measuring Soil Liquefaction Characteristics , 1971 .

[15]  Kenji Ishihara,et al.  EFFECTS OF OVERCONSOLIDATION AND K0 CONDITIONS ON THE LIQUEFACTION CHARACTERISTICS OF SANDS , 1979 .

[16]  Gonzalo Castro,et al.  Liquefaction and Cyclic Mobility of Saturated Sands , 1975 .

[17]  A S Vesic,et al.  DESIGN OF PILE FOUNDATIONS , 1977 .

[18]  Vincent P. Drnevich,et al.  Shear modulus and damping in soils , 1972 .

[19]  Rodrigo Salgado,et al.  Cavity Expansion and Penetration Resistance in Sand , 1997 .

[20]  H. Bolton Seed,et al.  Closure of "Soil Liquefaction and Cyclic Mobility Evaluation for Level Ground during Earthquakes" , 1979 .

[21]  W. D. Liam Finn,et al.  Liquefaction Potential: Developments Since 1976 , 1981 .

[22]  K L Lee,et al.  Seismic Response by Variable Damping Finite Elements , 1974 .

[23]  Kenji Ishihara,et al.  Effects of Overconsolidation on Liquefaction Characteristics of Sands Containing Fines , 1978 .

[24]  Shosuke Toki,et al.  Effects of Fabric Anisotropy of Sand on Cyclic Undrained Triaxial and Torsional Strengths , 1993 .

[25]  Toru Shibata,et al.  EVALUATION OF LIQUEFACTION POTENTIALS OF SOILS USING CONE PENETRATION TESTS , 1988 .

[26]  M. L. Silver,et al.  Dynamic Geotechnical Testing , 1978 .

[27]  K. Ishihara,et al.  LIQUEFACTION OF K0-CONSOLIDATED SAND UNDER CYCLIC ROTATION OF PRINCIPAL STRESS DIRECTION WITH LATERAL CONSTRAINT , 1985 .

[28]  L. Ishihara,et al.  Stability of Natural Deposits during Earthquakes , 1985 .

[29]  Robert V. Whitman,et al.  Overburden Correction Factors for SPT in Sand , 1986 .

[30]  I. Ishibashi,et al.  Soil Liquefaction by Torsional Simple Shear Device , 1974 .