Descriptive and explanatory item response models

In this chapter we present four item response models. These four models are comparatively simple within the full range of models in this volume, but some of them are more complex than the common item response models. On the one hand, all four models provide a measurement of individual differences, but on the other hand we use the models to demonstrate how the effect of person characteristics and of item design factors can be investigated. The models range from descriptive measurement for the case where no such effects are investigated, to explanatory measurement for the case where person properties and/or item properties are used to explain the effects of persons and/or items.

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