Association of metformin use on metabolic acidosis in diabetic patients with chronic hepatitis B‐related cirrhosis and renal impairment

Metformin is an oral anti‐hyperglycemic recommended by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) as a preferred initial pharmacologic agent for type 2 diabetes. Metabolic acidosis is a rare yet severe side effect of it. We examined the association of metformin use and dosage on the risk of metabolic acidosis in diabetic patients with different degrees of chronic hepatitis B (CHB)‐related cirrhosis and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

[1]  V. Wong,et al.  Pattern and impact of hepatic adverse events encountered during immune checkpoint inhibitors – A territory‐wide cohort study , 2020, Cancer medicine.

[2]  V. Wong,et al.  Type 2 Diabetes and Metformin Use Associate With Outcomes of Patients With Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis-related, Child-Pugh A Cirrhosis. , 2020, Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association.

[3]  V. Wong,et al.  An Aging Population of Chronic Hepatitis B With Increasing Comorbidities: A Territory‐Wide Study From 2000 to 2017 , 2020, Hepatology.

[4]  V. Wong,et al.  Reassessing the accuracy of PAGE-B-related scores to predict hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with chronic hepatitis B. , 2019, Journal of hepatology.

[5]  9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2020 , 2019, Diabetes Care.

[6]  J. Shaw,et al.  Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition. , 2019, Diabetes research and clinical practice.

[7]  O. Cummings,et al.  Long‐term metformin use may improve clinical outcomes in diabetic patients with non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis and bridging fibrosis or compensated cirrhosis , 2019, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[8]  A. Hung,et al.  Metformin use and incidence cancer risk: evidence for a selective protective effect against liver cancer , 2018, Cancer Causes & Control.

[9]  J. Coresh,et al.  Association of Metformin Use With Risk of Lactic Acidosis Across the Range of Kidney Function: A Community-Based Cohort Study , 2018, JAMA internal medicine.

[10]  C. Tseng Metformin and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with type 2 diabetes , 2018, Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver.

[11]  2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2018 , 2017, Diabetes Care.

[12]  Jared M. Campbell,et al.  Metformin reduces all-cause mortality and diseases of ageing independent of its effect on diabetes control: A systematic review and meta-analysis , 2017, Ageing Research Reviews.

[13]  V. Wong,et al.  Impact of age and gender on risk of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance. , 2017, Journal of hepatology.

[14]  A. Protti,et al.  Metformin‐associated lactic acidosis (MALA): Moving towards a new paradigm , 2017, Diabetes, obesity & metabolism.

[15]  G. Wong,et al.  Statins reduce the risk of liver decompensation and death in chronic viral hepatitis: a propensity score weighted landmark analysis , 2017, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[16]  N. Inagaki,et al.  Metformin: New Preparations and Nonglycemic Benefits , 2017, Current Diabetes Reports.

[17]  Matthew J. Crowley,et al.  Metformin Use in Patients with Historical Contraindications or Precautions , 2016 .

[18]  T. Therneau,et al.  Continuation of metformin use after a diagnosis of cirrhosis significantly improves survival of patients with diabetes , 2014, Hepatology.

[19]  J. Shieh,et al.  Metformin decreases hepatocellular carcinoma risk in a dose-dependent manner: population-based and in vitro studies , 2012, Gut.

[20]  E. Vicaut,et al.  Impact of metformin on the prognosis of cirrhosis induced by viral hepatitis C in diabetic patients. , 2011, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[21]  C. C. Brackett Clarifying metformin's role and risks in liver dysfunction. , 2010, Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA.

[22]  G. Zanette,et al.  Metformin and reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in diabetic patients with chronic liver disease , 2010, Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver.

[23]  M. Singer,et al.  Oxygen consumption is depressed in patients with lactic acidosis due to biguanide intoxication , 2010, Critical care.

[24]  I Meineke,et al.  The Effects of Genetic Polymorphisms in the Organic Cation Transporters OCT1, OCT2, and OCT3 on the Renal Clearance of Metformin , 2009, Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics.

[25]  S. Nseir,et al.  Metformin-associated lactic acidosis : A prognostic and therapeutic study * , 2009 .

[26]  P. Fall,et al.  Lactic Acidosis: From Sour Milk to Septic Shock , 2005, Journal of intensive care medicine.

[27]  H. Kusuhara,et al.  Involvement of organic cation transporter 1 in the lactic acidosis caused by metformin. , 2003, Molecular pharmacology.

[28]  M. Owen,et al.  Evidence that metformin exerts its anti-diabetic effects through inhibition of complex 1 of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. , 2000, The Biochemical journal.

[29]  Robert Gray,et al.  A Proportional Hazards Model for the Subdistribution of a Competing Risk , 1999 .

[30]  R. Holman,et al.  Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34) , 1998, The Lancet.

[31]  Y. Jang,et al.  Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2010 by the American Diabetes Association: Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease , 2010 .