Ultrasound Assisted Biodiesel Production from Eruca Sativa as an Indigenous Species in Iran

In this study Eruca sativa was used as an industrial and least desirable edible source for biodiesel production. To this aim, fatty acid methyl esters C14, C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, C18:1c, C18:2, C18:3c, C18:3, C18:3t, C20, C20:1, C22, C22:1, C24 and C24:1 were determined by Gas Chromatography (GC) and BF 3 method and the results showed that C18:1 has the highest proportion (55.91%) of methyl ester in this oil. Also, kinematic and dynamic viscosity, density, amount of free fatty acids, soap and acid values of Eruca sativa oil were measured as 33.885 (mP.s), 37.06 (mm 2 /s), 0.915 (g/cm 2 ), 0.42%, 187.857 (mg KOH/1gOil) and 1.533 (mg KOH/1gOil), respectively. Biodiesel from Eruca sativa oil was obtained by a basic transesterification method using an ultrasound device under ultrasonic amplitude of 70%, power of 172.32 W, 24 kHz, and 9 min at 45 °C, with methanol/oil ratio of 6 and 1% potassium hydroxide as catalyst. Then, according to the EN and ASTM standards, the quality of biodiesel such as flash point, density at 15 °C, kinematic viscosity at 40 °C, acid value, cetane number, and water content determined as 164 °C, 882 (g/m 3 ), 4.8531 (mm 2 /s), 0.27 (mg KOH/1gOil), 54 and 9.17 (mg/kg), respectively. The effect of fatty acid profile of Eruca Sativa oil on physicochemical properties of methyl ester was profoundly discussed and compared according to the suitable distribution suggested by several studies. The results showed that there is a high performance of methyl ester production (95.61% conversion) from Eruca sativa oil using ultrasound technology.

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