A review of the chemical and physical mechanisms of the storage stability of fast pyrolysis bio-oils

Understanding the fundamental chemical and physical aging mechanisms is necessary to learn how to produce a bio-oil that is more stable during shipping and storage. This review provides a basis for this understanding and identifies possible future research paths to produce bio-oils with better storage stability.

[1]  Catalytic hydrotreating of biomass-derived oils , 1987 .

[2]  T. E. Daubert,et al.  Physical and thermodynamic properties of pure chemicals : data compilation , 1989 .

[3]  George W. Mushrush,et al.  Petroleum Products: Instability and Incompatibility , 1995 .

[4]  J. A. Knight,et al.  Wood oil from pyrolysis of pine bark-sawdust mixture. , 1977 .

[5]  V. Pasa,et al.  Fractionation of Wood Tar , 1993 .

[6]  H. Adkins,et al.  CATALYSIS IN ACETAL FORMATION1 , 1925 .

[7]  Anthony V. Bridgwater,et al.  Fast pyrolysis of biomass : a handbook , 1999 .

[8]  A. Acharya,et al.  Reaction of glycolaldehyde with proteins: latent crosslinking potential of alpha-hydroxyaldehydes. , 1983, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[9]  H. Adkins,et al.  THE RELATION OF STRUCTURE, AFFINITY AND REACTIVITY IN ACETAL FORMATION. I1 , 1925 .

[10]  K. Potthast,et al.  Chemical Aspects of the Smoking of Meat and Meat Products , 1984 .

[11]  Stefan Czernik,et al.  Stability of wood fast pyrolysis oil , 1994 .

[12]  D. C. Elliott,et al.  Liquid Fuels by Low-Severity Hydrotreating of Biocrude , 1997 .

[13]  Donald S. Scott,et al.  The continuous flash pyrolysis of biomass , 1984 .

[14]  C. Feik,et al.  Removal of Residual Char Fines from Pyrolysis Vapors by Hot Gas Filtration , 1997 .

[15]  William R. Paterson Petroleum refining: technology and economics 3rd edn. , 1995 .

[16]  James P. Diebold,et al.  Additives To Lower and Stabilize the Viscosity of Pyrolysis Oils during Storage , 1997 .

[17]  E. Salter Catalytic pyrolysis of biomass for improved liquid fuel quality , 2001 .

[18]  Steven D. Phillips,et al.  Progress in the production of hot-gas filtered biocrude oil at NREL , 1995 .

[19]  D. Elliott Water, alkali and char in flash pyrolysis oils , 1994 .

[20]  H. C. Sutton,et al.  Rate of hydration of formaldehyde in aqueous solution , 1972 .

[21]  Don W. Green,et al.  Perry's chemical engineers' handbook. 7th ed. , 1997 .

[22]  H. Adkins,et al.  SOME RELATIONSHIPS OF THE RATIO OF REACTANTS TO THE EXTENT OF CONVERSION OF BENZALDEHYDE AND FURFURALDEHYDE TO THEIR ACETALS , 1931 .

[23]  J. Maga Smoke in Food Processing , 1988 .

[24]  Shree P. Singh Production and Utilization , 1999 .

[25]  A. Goos,et al.  New Products from Wood Carbonization. , 1946 .

[26]  J. Diebold A review of the toxicity of biomass pyrolysis liquids formed at low temperatures , 1997 .

[27]  R. French,et al.  Vapor phase release of alkali species in the combustion of biomass pyrolysis oils , 1994 .

[28]  D. Swern,et al.  New method for hydroxylating long-chain unsaturated fatty acids, esters, alcohols, and hydrocarbons , 1954 .

[29]  N. Lewis,et al.  Lignin in Adhesives: Introduction and Historical Perspective , 1989 .

[30]  Steven Gust Combustion Experiences of Flash Pyrolysis Fuel in Intermediate Size Boilers , 1997 .

[31]  Thomas A. Milne,et al.  A Review of the Chemical Composition of Fast-Pyrolysis Oils from Biomass , 1997 .

[32]  F. B. Abeles,et al.  CHAPTER 1 – Introduction and Historical Perspectives , 1992 .

[33]  M. Farooqui Formaldehyde , 1898, Reactions Weekly.

[34]  R. G. Andrews,et al.  Feasibility of Firing an Industrial Gas Turbine Using a Bio-Mass Derived Fuel , 1997 .

[35]  W. E. Parker,et al.  Thermal decomposition of ferulic acid , 1967 .

[36]  John J. McKetta,et al.  Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and Design , 1976 .

[37]  W. G. Nelson Waste-wood Utilization by the Badger-Stafford Process1 the ford Wood-Distillation Plant at Iron Mountain , 1930 .

[38]  Anja Oasmaa,et al.  Physical characterisation of biomass-based pyrolysis liquids: Application of standard fuel oil analyses , 1997 .

[39]  M. L. Ibargoitia,et al.  Relationships between the Maximum Temperature Reached in the Smoke Generation Processes from Vitis vinifera L. Shoot Sawdust and Composition of the Aqueous Smoke Flavoring Preparations Obtained , 1996 .

[40]  H. Adkins,et al.  Structure of Reactants and the Extent of Acetal Formation , 1933 .

[41]  D. Huffman,et al.  RTP™ Biocrude: A Combustion / Emissions Review , 1997 .

[42]  M. J. Manzanos,et al.  Study of a Commercial Liquid Smoke Flavoring by Means of Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy , 1995 .

[43]  Allan F. M. Barton,et al.  CRC Handbook of solubility parameters and other cohesion parameters , 1983 .

[44]  A. Bridgwater,et al.  Physical properties of flash pyrolysis liquids , 1994 .

[45]  C. Hinshelwood,et al.  The kinetics of esterification. The reaction between acetic acid and methyl alcohol , 1934 .

[46]  H. Adkins,et al.  THE RATE OF SYNTHESIS AND HYDROLYSIS OF CERTAIN ACETALS , 1928 .

[47]  David K. Johnson,et al.  Use of Biomass Pyrolysis Oils for Preparation of Modified Phenol Formaldehyde Resins , 1997 .

[48]  H. Adkins,et al.  HEMIACETAL FORMATION AND THE REFRACTIVE INDICES AND DENSITIES OF MIXTURES OF CERTAIN ALCOHOLS AND ALDEHYDES , 1928 .

[49]  Alan Louis Shihadeh Rural electrification from local resources : biomass pyrolysis oil combustion in a direct injection diesel engine , 1998 .

[50]  J. Gary,et al.  Petroleum Refining: Technology and Economics , 1975 .

[51]  J. Maga The flavor chemistry of wood smoke , 1987 .

[52]  Larry L. Baxter,et al.  Alkali deposits found in biomass power plants: A preliminary investigation of their extent and nature. Volume 1 , 1995 .

[53]  R. C. Doerr,et al.  Composition of Hickory Sawdust Smoke. Low-Boiling Constituents , 1966 .

[54]  D. L. Williams,et al.  Kinetics of Furfural Destruction in Acidic Aqueous Media , 1948 .

[55]  A. Bridgwater,et al.  Overview of Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass for the Production of Liquid Fuels , 1997 .

[56]  L. Conti,et al.  Bio-Crude Oil Hydrotreating in a Continuous Bench-Scale Plant , 1997 .

[57]  H. Adkins,et al.  THE EFFECT OF CERTAIN BETA SUBSTITUENTS IN THE ALCOHOL UPON AFFINITY AND REACTIVITY IN ACETAL FORMATION , 1928 .

[58]  S. Kaliaguine,et al.  Catalytic hydrotreatment of vacuum pyrolysis oils from wood , 1988 .

[59]  Hilton A. Smith,et al.  Kinetics of the Catalyzed Esterification of Normal Aliphatic Acids in Methyl Alcohol , 1939 .

[60]  Alfred Joaquim Stamm,et al.  Chemical processing of wood , 1953 .