Insert misalignment in coaxial cavities and its influence on gyrotron operation

A general theory describing symmetry breaking in coaxial cavities is presented. General expressions are derived for frequency shift and for ohmic losses in both the inner conductor and the resonator wall in an eccentric coaxial cavity. The theory is illustrated in the case of the TE28,16 mode 140 GZz coaxial high-power gyrotron developed jointly by the Institute of Applied Physics in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, and the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany.