NAT Traversal Practices for Client-Server SIP

Traversal of the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and the sessions it establishes through Network Address Translators (NATs) is a complex problem. Currently there are many deployment scenarios and traversal mechanisms for media traffic. This document provides concrete recommendations and a unified method for NAT traversal as well as documenting corresponding flows.

[1]  Dan Wing,et al.  Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) , 2020, RFC.

[2]  Jonathan D. Rosenberg,et al.  Interactive Connectivity Establishment (ICE): A Protocol for Network Address Translator (NAT) Traversal for Offer/Answer Protocols , 2010, RFC.

[3]  Mark Handley,et al.  SIP: Session Initiation Protocol , 1999, RFC.

[4]  Internet Architecture Board,et al.  IAB Considerations for UNilateral Self-Address Fixing (UNSAF) Across Network Address Translation , 2002, RFC.

[5]  Cullen Jennings,et al.  Managing Client-Initiated Connections in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) , 2009, RFC.

[6]  Christian Huitema.  Real Time Control Protocol (RTCP) attribute in Session Description Protocol (SDP) , 2003, RFC.

[7]  Scott O. Bradner,et al.  Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels , 1997, RFC.

[8]  Hannes Tschofenig,et al.  Analysis of Middlebox Interactions for Signaling Protocol Communication along the Media Path , 2013 .

[9]  Henning Schulzrinne,et al.  An Offer/Answer Model with Session Description Protocol (SDP) , 2002, RFC.

[10]  Vijay K. Gurbani,et al.  Internet Engineering Task Force (ietf) Ipv6 Transition in the Session Initiation Protocol (sip) , 2022 .

[11]  Jonathan D. Rosenberg,et al.  Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN): Relay Extensions to Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) , 2020, RFC.

[12]  Colin Perkins,et al.  Multiplexing RTP Data and Control Packets on a Single Port , 2010, RFC.

[13]  Gonzalo Camarillo,et al.  Internet Engineering Task Force (ietf) Requirements from Session Initiation Protocol (sip) Session Border Control (sbc) Deployments Requirements from Sip Sbc Deployments , 2022 .

[14]  Dean Willis,et al.  Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Extension Header Field for Registering Non-Adjacent Contacts , 2002, RFC.

[15]  Henning Schulzrinne,et al.  An Extension to the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) for Symmetric Response Routing , 2003, RFC.

[16]  Henning Schulzrinne,et al.  RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications , 1996, RFC.

[17]  Dan Wing.  Symmetric RTP / RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) , 2007, RFC.

[18]  Mark Handley,et al.  SDP: Session Description Protocol , 1998, RFC.

[19]  Stuart Cheshire,et al.  NAT Port Mapping Protocol (NAT-PMP) , 2013, RFC.

[20]  Scott O. Bradner,et al.  The Internet Standards Process - Revision 3 , 1996, RFC.

[21]  Cullen Jennings,et al.  Network Address Translation (NAT) Behavioral Requirements for Unicast UDP , 2007, RFC.

[22]  Bruce Lowekamp,et al.  NAT Behavior Discovery Using Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) , 2010, RFC.

[23]  Vijay K. Gurbani,et al.  Connection Reuse in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) , 2010, RFC.

[24]  Henning Schulzrinne,et al.  Session Initiation Protocol (SIP): Locating SIP Servers , 2002, RFC.