Secondary compression of clays as a local dehydration process

Long-term volumetric deformations of clays are interpreted in terms of water transfer from clay aggregates to the bulk water. Chemical potentials for the two states of water are first derived and then integrated into balance equations in order to find expressions for the rate of secondary deformation. The resulting model requires the determination of three material parameters, which have a physical interpretation. A procedure to interpret conventional consolidation tests and to find model parameters is described. The model seems to capture well the observed features of secondary clay behaviour, and reproduces in a consistent manner the response of samples of different thickness.

[1]  C. J. Barnes.  The Swelling of Clay , 1980 .

[2]  N. E. Edlefsen,et al.  Thermodynamics of soil moisture , 1943 .

[3]  Pierre Delage,et al.  Study of the structure of a sensitive Champlain clay and of its evolution during consolidation , 1984 .

[4]  L. Bjerrum,et al.  Embankments on Soft Ground , 1973 .

[5]  Fumio Tatsuoka.  Some new aspects of time effects on the stress-strain behaviour of stiff geomaterials, Keynote Lecture , 2000 .

[6]  E. T. Hanrahan.  Consolidation Models Consisting of an Assembly of Viscous Elements or a Cavity Channel Network , 1968 .

[7]  M. V. Genuchten,et al.  Mass Transfer Studies in Sorbing Porous Media: II. Experimental Evaluation with Tritium (3H2O)1 , 1977 .

[8]  Andrzej Niemunis,et al.  VISCOUS BEHAVIOUR OF SOIL UNDER OEDOMETRIC CONDITIONS , 1996 .

[9]  Garrison Sposito,et al.  Structure of water adsorbed on smectites , 1982 .

[10]  T. Berre,et al.  OEDOMETER TESTS WITH DIFFERENT SPECIMEN HEIGHTS ON A CLAY EXHIBITING LARGE SECONDARY COMPRESSION , 1972 .

[11]  G. De Josselin de Jong.  Consolidation models consisting of an assembly of viscous elements or a cavity channel network , 1968 .

[12]  A. McGown,et al.  The form and function of microfabric features in a variety of natural soils , 1974 .

[13]  P. F. Low,et al.  The Swelling of Clay: I. Basic Concepts and Empirical Equations 1 , 1979 .

[14]  Antonio Gens,et al.  Precompression design for secondary settlement reduction , 2000 .

[15]  T. J. Poskitt,et al.  THE CONSOLIDATION OF PEAT , 1972 .

[16]  Roy E. Olson,et al.  State of the Art: Consolidation Testing , 1986 .

[17]  L. Bjerrum.  ENGINEERING GEOLOGY OF NORWEGIAN NORMALLY-CONSOLIDATED MARINE CLAYS AS RELATED TO SETTLEMENTS OF BUILDINGS , 1967 .

[18]  Demetrious C. Koutsoftas,et al.  Geotechnical Investigations Offshore Hong Kong , 1987 .

[19]  R. C. Joshi,et al.  Change in pore size distribution due to consolidation of clays , 1989 .

[20]  Gholamreza Mesri,et al.  Time and Stress-Compressibility Interrelationship , 1977 .

[21]  M. V. Genuchten,et al.  Mass transfer studies in sorbing porous media. I. Analytical solutions , 1976 .

[22]  Pieter A. Vermeer,et al.  A consolidation model for a creeping clay , 1999 .

[23]  Gholamreza Mesri,et al.  COEFFICIENT OF SECONDARY COMPRESSION , 1974 .

[24]  Gholamreza Mesri,et al.  Cα/Cc Concept and K0 During Secondary Compression , 1987 .

[25]  Tomasz Hueckel,et al.  Water–mineral interaction in hygromechanics of clays exposed to environmental loads: a mixture-theory approach , 1992 .

[26]  Garrison Sposito,et al.  The thermodynamics of soil solutions , 1981 .

[27]  A. Searcy,et al.  Thermodynamics. An Advanced Treatment for Chemists and Physicists. , 1958 .

[28]  Duwayne M. Anderson,et al.  OSMOTIC PRESSURE EQUATIONS FOR DETERMINING THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SOIL WATER , 1958 .

[29]  Eduardo Alonso,et al.  Modeling swelling soils for disposal barriers , 2000 .

[30]  E. A. Guggenheim.  CHAPTER 6 – Thermodynamics , 1967 .

[31]  A G Altschaeffl,et al.  INTERPRETATION OF THE CONSOLIDATION TEST , 1965 .

[32]  P. F. Low,et al.  Nature and Properties of Water in Montmorillonite-Water Systems1 , 1979 .

[33]  G. Mesri,et al.  Viscous behaviour of soil under oedometric conditions: Discussion , 1997 .

[34]  Garrison Sposito,et al.  The surface chemistry of soils , 1984 .

[35]  P. Mazur,et al.  Non-equilibrium thermodynamics, , 1963 .

[36]  Olivier Coussy,et al.  Mechanics of porous continua , 1995 .

[37]  Serge Leroueil,et al.  Mercury intrusion and permeability of Louiseville clay , 1990 .

[38]  P. F. Low.  Structural component of the swelling pressure of clays , 1987 .

[39]  P. F. Low,et al.  The swelling of clay: II. Montmorillonites. , 1980 .