Maximum Likelihood Array Gain/Phase Calibration and Mutual Coupling Estimation in ULAs and UCAs

Abstract High-resolution array processing techniques are known to be sensitive to array modeling errors including array element displacements, mutual coupling, and array gain/phase perturbations. This paper considers array gain/phase calibration and mutual coupling estimation using a set of calibration sources with known locations. The proposed algorithms are based on maximum likelihood criterion. According to different application backgrounds, the waveform matrices of the calibration sources are assumed to be known or unknown, and two algorithms are proposed to solve the corresponding maximum likelihood estimation problems in the context of block coordinate descent method. Conditions for the existence of a solution are provided and Cramer-Rao bound for array gain/phase calibration and mutual coupling estimation are derived. The effectiveness and behavior of the proposed methods are illustrated by simulations.

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