M2-DaGNoS: A data gathering and node scheduling mechanism for Multimodal Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract MultiModal Wireless Sensor Networks (M2WSNs) arise as a solution for the trade-off between energy savings and event reporting latency in those monitoring oriented applications where regular and emergency reporting are required simultaneously, such as forest fires and pollution monitoring. The multimodality in these M2WSNs allows sensor nodes to perform data reporting in two possible schemes, time-driven and event-driven, according to the circumstances, providing higher energy savings and better reporting results when compared to traditional schemes. In this paper, we present the implementation and evaluation of M2-DaGNoS, an enhanced multimodal switching mechanism for data gathering and node scheduling in M2WSNs. This mechanism is implemented in ContikiOS, an open-source operating system for the Internet of Things, and evaluated using the Cooja emulator through an extensive simulation study. The results show that M2-DaGNoS presents a significant performance regarding energy savings, reporting latency, and reliability in operation compared to the state-of-the-art in multimodal switching mechanisms, making it suitable for monitoring applications in M2WSNs.