基于单光子探测体制的星潜下行链路通信性能研究 Research on Downlink Communications Performance of Satellite-Submarine Based on Single Photon Detection

随着当今军事科技的发展，潜艇成为掌握海底战场主动权的关键。研究具有数据率高、隐蔽性好的对潜通信系统，提高对潜通信能力在战略威慑和战术应用上都具有重要意义。目前常用的对潜通信方式有超长波、微波等，需要潜艇将天线浮出水面，或地基设备庞大等特点，不易于战时应用。蓝绿激光对潜通信是目前研究的热点，与微波通信相比可以大大提高潜艇的安全深度，且具有方向性好、抗截获抗干扰抗摧毁能力强的特点。然而将其应用到星潜链路时，受星载高功率激光器发射功率制约，以及海水的散射和吸收，潜艇的通信深度仍然受到约束。本论文对基于GM APD单光子探测器的星潜光通信链路进行研究，对星潜下行链路进行了建模，讨论了发射功率、潜艇工作深度、跟瞄误差等因素对链路的通信性能的影响。研究表明，采用基于GM APD单光子探测器的星潜光通信系统，潜艇在工作深度(30~500 m)接收卫星信息是可行的。然而受硬件设备技术水平的限制，该技术的具体实施还有诸多关键技术需要攻关。 With the development of military technology, submarine is becoming the key to sea field. It is out-standingly important to research communication system with high data rates and safety for im-proving the survival ability of submarine. The traditional communication means, such as VLF and RF, need submarine float in the sea surface, which is inconvenient in war. Blue-green laser com-munication has attracted considerable attention as the “window” for underwater communications. In this paper, the down link communications performance of satellite-submarine is based on single photon detection. The downlink model is analyzed, and the factors of transmitted laser power, sea water working depth, pointing and tracking errors are all discussed. The results show that GM APD based single detection communication systems are available for submarine working in depth of 30 - 500 m. However, there are still more key technologies to research before the realization of blue-green laser communication between satellite and submarine.