Adjustment of guidelines for exposure of the eye to optical radiation from ocular instruments: statement from a task group of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP).

A variety of optical and electro-optical instruments are used for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications to the human eye. These generally expose ocular structures to either coherent or incoherent optical radiation (ultraviolet, visible, or infrared radiation) under unique conditions. We convert both laser and incoherent exposure guidelines derived for normal exposure conditions to the application of ophthalmic sources.

[1]  B. Rassow,et al.  Light hazards to the patient's retina from ophthalmic instruments. , 1991, Applied optics.

[2]  J. Zuclich,et al.  Ultraviolet-induced photochemical damage in ocular tissues. , 1989, Health physics.

[3]  P. Söderberg,et al.  An action spectrum for UV-B radiation and the rat lens. , 2000, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[4]  W. T. Ham,et al.  Retinal sensitivity to damage from short wavelength light , 1976, Nature.

[5]  John Mellerio,et al.  WHAT IS THE MEANING OF THRESHOLD IN LASER INJURY EXPERIMENTS? IMPLICATIONS FOR HUMAN EXPOSURE LIMITS , 2002, Health physics.

[6]  W. T. Ham,et al.  Potential retinal hazards. Instrument and environmental light sources. , 1983, Ophthalmology.

[7]  A. P. Cullen,et al.  Determination of infrared radiation levels for acute ocular cataractogenesis , 2004, Albrecht von Graefes Archiv für klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie.

[8]  R. Farrell,et al.  Epithelial damage in rabbit corneas exposed to CO2 laser radiation. , 1989, Health physics.

[9]  J. Zuclich.  Cumulative effects of near-UV induced corneal damage. , 1980, Health physics.

[10]  Bruce E. Stuck,et al.  Guidelines on limits of exposure to ultraviolet radiation of wavelengths between 180 nm and 400 nm (incoherent optical radiation). , 2004, Health physics.

[11]  Harold A. Mueller,et al.  The Photopathology and Nature of the Blue Light and Near-UV Retinal Lesions Produced by Lasers and Other Optical Sources , 1989 .

[12]  D. Sliney.  Quantifying retinal irradiance levels in light damage experiments. , 1984, Current eye research.

[13]  ICNIRP STATEMENT ON LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES (LEDs) AND LASER DIODES: IMPLICATIONS FOR HAZARD ASSESSMENT , 2000, Health physics.

[14]  D G Pitts,et al.  Ocular effects of ultraviolet radiation from 295 to 365 nm. , 1977, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[15]  M. Mainster,et al.  Light levels in fundus photography and fluorescein angiography , 1980, Vision Research.

[16]  G. Ziegelberger,et al.  International commission on non-ionizing radiation protection. , 2006, Progress in biophysics and molecular biology.

[17]  D H Sliney,et al.  Radiometric evaluation of surgical microscope lights for hazards analyses. , 1986, Applied optics.

[18]  D. Sliney,et al.  Safety with Lasers and Other Optical Sources , 1980, Springer US.

[19]  Myron L. Wolbarsht,et al.  Damage To The Lens From Infrared , 1980, Other Conferences.

[20]  Masami Kojima,et al.  Temperature rises in the crystalline lens from focal irradiation , 2005, Health physics.

[21]  E. R. Berry,et al.  Ocular spectral characteristics as related to hazards from lasers and other light sources. , 1968, American journal of ophthalmology.

[22]  E. Schechtman,et al.  Microscope-induced retinal phototoxicity in cataract surgery of short duration. , 2002, Ophthalmology.

[23]  Revision of guidelines on limits of exposure to laser radiation of wavelengths between 400 nm and 1.4 microm. International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection. , 2000, Health physics.

[24]  B. Hochheimer,et al.  Ocular fluorescein phototoxicity. , 1987, Applied optics.