Increasing the lifetime of sensor networks by a data dissemination model based on a new approximation algorithm

Abstract Grouping the sensor nodes into clusters can improve the overall scalability and network lifetime of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). In a clustered WSN, the Cluster Heads (CHs) bear more traffic load than normal sensor nodes. This is because they not only collect data from all the sensor nodes in their cluster but also aggregate it and send it to the base station, called the sink. Due to this excess traffic load, they die sooner than normal sensor nodes and thus, minimizing the load of the CHs is an important problem called Load Balanced Clustering Problem (LBCP). In this paper, we propose a cluster-based routing protocol for WSNs. It solves LBCP with an fpt-approximation algorithm that has an approximation factor of 1.1, which means it is significantly more precise than the previous approximation factors reported for this problem. The proposed protocol uses an energy-aware routing algorithm to find the optimal routing tree that connects the CHs to the sink. The routing algorithm specifies certain paths for transmitting data to the sink and changes them at certain times, in order to balance the energy consumption of the nodes and increase the network lifetime. The simulation results show that the proposed protocol has a better performance compared to a number of other similar protocols.

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