Trichophyton rubrum DNA strain switching increases in patients with onychomycosis failing antifungal treatments

The dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum is responsible for approximately 80% of onychomycosis cases. Genetic strain typing was developed to help elucidate its epidemiology and pathogenicity.

[1]  E. Warshaw,et al.  Molecular analysis of dermatophytes suggests spread of infection among household members. , 2013, Cutis.

[2]  K. Kalinowska,et al.  Stability of Tandemly Repetitive Subelement PCR Patterns in Trichophyton rubrum over Serial Passaging and with Respect to Drug Pressure , 2012, Mycopathologia.

[3]  J. Szepietowski,et al.  Molecular typing of Trichophyton rubrum clinical isolates from Poland , 2011, Mycoses.

[4]  M. Takashima,et al.  Differentiation of Trichophyton rubrum clinical isolates from Japanese and Chinese patients by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA and DNA sequence analysis of the non-transcribed spacer region of the rRNA gene. , 2009, Journal of dermatological science.

[5]  S. Abdel‐Rahman.  Strain Differentiation of Dermatophytes , 2008, Mycopathologia.

[6]  A. Gupta,et al.  Fast and sensitive detection of Trichophyton rubrum DNA from the nail samples of patients with onychomycosis by a double‐round polymerase chain reaction‐based assay , 2007, The British journal of dermatology.

[7]  S. de Hoog,et al.  Microsatellite markers reveal geographic population differentiation in Trichophyton rubrum. , 2007, Journal of medical microbiology.

[8]  P. Cisalpino,et al.  Molecular typing and antifungal susceptibility of Trichophyton rubrum isolates from patients with onychomycosis pre- and post-treatment. , 2007, International journal of antimicrobial agents.

[9]  R. Summerbell,et al.  Dermatophytes: recognizing species of clonal fungi. , 2006, Medical mycology.

[10]  L. C. Baeza,et al.  Strain differentiation of Trichophyton rubrum by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA and analysis of rDNA nontranscribed spacer. , 2006, Journal of medical microbiology.

[11]  R. Summerbell,et al.  Forty-Eight-Hour Diagnosis of Onychomycosis with Subtyping of Trichophyton rubrum Strains , 2006, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[12]  An Lijia,et al.  A Study on Stability of Phenotype and Genotype of Trichophyton rubrum , 2006, Mycopathologia.

[13]  L. C. Baeza,et al.  Strain differentiation of Trichophyton rubrum by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD). , 2004, Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo.

[14]  S. de Hoog,et al.  Origins of Microsatellite Diversity in the Trichophyton rubrum- T. violaceum Clade (Dermatophytes) , 2004, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[15]  Aditya K. Gupta,et al.  Evaluation of in vitro Resistance in Patients with Onychomycosis Who Fail Antifungal Therapy , 2004, Dermatology.

[16]  C. Jackson,et al.  Molecular strain typing of Trichophyton rubrum indicates multiple strain involvement in onychomycosis , 2003, The British journal of dermatology.

[17]  M. Ghannoum,et al.  Clinical Trichophyton rubrum Strain Exhibiting Primary Resistance to Terbinafine , 2003, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[18]  R. Summerbell,et al.  Variation in Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms among Serial Isolates from Patients withTrichophyton rubrum Infection , 2001, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[19]  S. Kelly,et al.  Strain Identification of Trichophyton rubrum by Specific Amplification of Subrepeat Elements in the Ribosomal DNA Nontranscribed Spacer , 2000, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[20]  G. S. de Hoog,et al.  Molecular Taxonomy of the Trichophyton rubrum Complex , 2000, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[21]  N. Shear,et al.  A Risk-Benefit Assessment of the Newer Oral Antifungal Agents Used to Treat Onychomycosis , 2000, Drug safety.

[22]  J. Kühnisch,et al.  Molecular Markers Reveal Exclusively Clonal Reproduction in Trichophyton rubrum , 1999, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[23]  N. Shear,et al.  The new oral antifungal agents for onychomycosis of the toenails , 1999, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV.

[24]  C. Jackson,et al.  Species Identification and Strain Differentiation of Dermatophyte Fungi by Analysis of Ribosomal-DNA Intergenic Spacer Regions , 1999, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[25]  A. Burt,et al.  The Evolutionary Biology and Population Genetics Underlying Fungal Strain Typing , 1999, Clinical Microbiology Reviews.

[26]  B. Elewski,et al.  Antifungal susceptibilities and genetic relatedness of serial Trichophyton rubrum isolates from patients with onychomycosis of the toenail. , 1999, Mycoses.

[27]  E. Evans.  Causative pathogens in onychomycosis and the possibility of treatment resistance: a review. , 1998, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[28]  Ruoyu Li,et al.  Typing of Common Dermatophytes by Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA , 1997 .

[29]  D. Soll,et al.  Most frequent scenario for recurrent Candida vaginitis is strain maintenance with "substrain shuffling": demonstration by sequential DNA fingerprinting with probes Ca3, C1, and CARE2 , 1996, Journal of clinical microbiology.

[30]  A. Finlay,et al.  Determination of terbinafine in nail samples during systemic treatment for onychomycoses , 1990, The British journal of dermatology.

[31]  Y. Clayton.  In vitro activity of terbinafine , 1989, Clinical and experimental dermatology.