Oxygen and irradiance constraints on visual habitat in a changing ocean: The luminoxyscape

Changing oxygen conditions are altering the distribution of many marine animals. Zooplankton vertical distributions are primarily attributed to physiological tolerance and/or avoidance of visual predation. Recent fi ndings reveal that visual function in marine larvae is highly sensitive to oxygen availability, but it is unknown how oxygen, which affects light sensitivity and generates limits for vision, may affect the distribution of animals that rely heavily on this sensory modality. This study introduces the concept of a “ visual luminoxyscape ” to demonstrate how combinations of limiting oxygen and light could con-strain the habitat of marine larvae with oxygen-demanding vision. This concept reveals the impact of sublethal climate change vulnerabilities in visual marine animals and provides an additional hypothesis for habitat compression under ocean deoxygenation, which we argue deserves attention.

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