Computational Study Toward Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Using Coaxial Circular Coils

Objective: To investigate the possibility for stimulating deeper brain regions while decreasing the electrical field in superficial cortical regions by employing coaxial circular coils. Methods: The Halo coil, Halo-circular assembly coil (HCA coil) and Halo coil working with two circular coils (HTC coil) were applied over a 36-tissue anatomically based head model. Three-dimensional distributions of magnetic flux density, induced electric field in head tissues were obtained by 3-D impedance method. Results: For the case of HCA coil with current flowing in the same direction in each of two coils, the field penetration depth by the conventional circular coil can be effectively increased at the expense of reduced focality. For the case of the HTC coil with currents flowing in opposite direction in the neighboring coils, overthreshold electric fields can be produced in deep brain regions, while the subthreshold fields were produced in superficial cortical areas. Conclusion: The HTC coil with varied coil parameters and different injected currents provides a flexible way for deep brain stimulation with better ratio of deep region field relative to field at the shallow areas. Significance: The HTC coil is promising for deep transcranial magnetic stimulation, which may offer a new tool with potential for both research and clinical applications for psychiatric and neurological disorders associated with dysfunctions of deep brain regions.

[1]  S. Lisanby,et al.  Electric field depth–focality tradeoff in transcranial magnetic stimulation: Simulation comparison of 50 coil designs , 2013, Brain Stimulation.

[2]  M. Persson,et al.  Calculating the Current Density and Electric Field in Human Head by Multichannel Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[3]  R. Nagatomi,et al.  Evoked motor response following deep transcranial magnetic stimulation in a cynomolgus monkey , 2008, Brain Stimulation.

[4]  Alon Amir,et al.  Three-Dimensional Distribution of the Electric Field Induced in the Brain by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Using Figure-8 and Deep H-Coils , 2007, Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society.

[5]  D. Popović,et al.  A novel electric design for electromagnetic stimulation-the Slinky coil , 1995, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[6]  K. Cole,et al.  Dispersion and Absorption in Dielectrics I. Alternating Current Characteristics , 1941 .

[7]  Sarah H. Lisanby,et al.  Coil design considerations for deep transcranial magnetic stimulation , 2014, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[8]  H. Breiter,et al.  Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Brain Reward Circuitry in the Human , 1999, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[9]  A. Barker,et al.  NON-INVASIVE MAGNETIC STIMULATION OF HUMAN MOTOR CORTEX , 1985, The Lancet.

[10]  Abraham Zangen,et al.  H-coil repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of bipolar depression: an add-on, safety and feasibility study , 2011, The world journal of biological psychiatry : the official journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry.

[11]  R. W. Lau,et al.  The dielectric properties of biological tissues: III. Parametric models for the dielectric spectrum of tissues. , 1996, Physics in medicine and biology.

[12]  C. Nemeroff,et al.  Recent advances in the neurobiology of depression. , 2002, Psychopharmacology bulletin.

[13]  R. J. Ilmoniemi,et al.  Focusing and targeting of magnetic brain stimulation using multiple coils , 1998, Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing.

[14]  O. Gandhi,et al.  A 3-D impedance method to calculate power deposition in biological bodies subjected to time varying magnetic fields , 1988, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[15]  Paolo Maria Rossini,et al.  Transcranial brain stimulation , 2012 .

[16]  Shoogo Ueno,et al.  Dosimetry of typical transcranial magnetic stimulation devices , 2010 .

[17]  B. Everitt,et al.  Limbic cortical-ventral striatal systems underlying appetitive conditioning. , 2000, Progress in brain research.

[18]  Luc Dupré,et al.  An Efficient 3-D Eddy-Current Solver Using an Independent Impedance Method for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[19]  K. Harada,et al.  Localized stimulation of neural tissues in the brain by means of a paired configuration of time-varying magnetic fields , 1988 .

[20]  S. Rossi,et al.  Safety, ethical considerations, and application guidelines for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical practice and research , 2009, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[21]  Mark Hallett,et al.  A Coil Design for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Deep Brain Regions , 2002, Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society.

[22]  Hiroyuki Ohsaki,et al.  Fabrication of a prototype magnetic stimulator equipped with eccentric spiral coils , 2011, 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[23]  S. Ueno,et al.  Dosimetry of Exposure of Patients to Pulsed Gradient Magnetic Fields in MRI , 2011, IEEE transactions on magnetics.

[24]  Shoogo Ueno,et al.  Calculating the electric field in real human head by transcranial magnetic stimulation with shield plate , 2009 .

[25]  R. W. Lau,et al.  The dielectric properties of biological tissues: II. Measurements in the frequency range 10 Hz to 20 GHz. , 1996, Physics in medicine and biology.

[26]  C Gabriel,et al.  The dielectric properties of biological tissues: I. Literature survey. , 1996, Physics in medicine and biology.

[27]  H. Topka,et al.  Motor thresholds in humans: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study comparing different pulse waveforms, current directions and stimulator types , 2001, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[28]  Yevgen Melikhov,et al.  Transcranial magnetic stimulation: improved coil design for deep brain investigation , 2011 .

[29]  A. Zangen,et al.  Effectiveness of Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with a Brief Exposure Procedure in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder – A Pilot Study , 2013, Brain Stimulation.

[30]  J Cadwell,et al.  In vitro evaluation of a 4-leaf coil design for magnetic stimulation of peripheral nerve. , 1994, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[31]  Anthony Grbic,et al.  Numerical Analysis and Design of Single-Source Multicoil TMS for Deep and Focused Brain Stimulation , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[32]  George E. Georghiou,et al.  Improved field localization in transcranial magnetic stimulation of the brain with the utilization of a conductive shield plate in the stimulator , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[33]  Mikael Persson,et al.  Computation of electric and magnetic stimulation in human head using the 3-D impedance method , 2003, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng..

[34]  Niels Kuster,et al.  The Virtual Family—development of surface-based anatomical models of two adults and two children for dosimetric simulations , 2010, Physics in medicine and biology.

[35]  Shoogo Ueno,et al.  Functional mapping of the human motor cortex obtained by focal and vectorial magnetic stimulation of the brain , 1990 .

[36]  Michael Voigt,et al.  Focality Assessment in Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation With Double and Cone Coils , 2006, Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society.

[37]  Mark S. George,et al.  Transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical psychiatry , 2007 .

[38]  Á. Pascual-Leone,et al.  Has repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment for depression improved? A systematic review and meta‐analysis comparing the recent vs. the earlier rTMS studies , 2007, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[39]  N. Volkow,et al.  The neural basis of addiction: a pathology of motivation and choice. , 2005, The American journal of psychiatry.

[40]  Sarah H. Lisanby,et al.  Coil design considerations for deep-brain transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) , 2008, 2008 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.