Validation of load-independent X-parameters

Recently analytical behavioral model formulation based on the PHD model has been introduced and successfully used to describe the nonlinear behavior of transistors and components [1–3]. The next important advance would be to utilize this formulation, constraint to load-independent X parameters, to enable analytical non-linear microwave circuit design procedures. For this purpose, in this paper a blind iterative process is presented and validated in order to obtain the appropriate load-independent X parameters, focused around the chosen optimum impedance condition, necessary to enable accurate analytical non-linear circuit design to be undertaken [4].