Overview of Harmonic and Resonance in Railway Electrification Systems

Harmonic distortion and harmonic resonance problems have been widely concerned and reported in railway electrification systems (RESs) due to the harmonic injection from the nonlinear electric train, especially high-speed/high-capacity/large-power trains. This paper presents an overview of the harmonic and resonance problems in the RES, including harmonic problem composition, harmonic modeling, available influential factors assessment, harmonic resonance, and associated suppression methods. The harmonic problem mainly consists of the background harmonics brought from the utility system, resonance-region harmonics interacted by capacitive and inductive network elements, and characteristic harmonics generated from the switching process of the onboard power conversion system. The mathematical modeling and analysis methods are introduced, including frequency scanning analysis, S-domain analysis, resonance mode analysis, and modal sensitivity analysis. Available influential factors/parameters have been fully investigated against above-mentioned harmonic problems. Finally, different harmonic suppression methods have been compared and summarized in this paper.

[1]  Gary W. Chang,et al.  A new method of passive harmonic filter planning for controlling voltage distortion in a power system , 2006 .

[2]  W. Xu,et al.  A Practical Harmonic Resonance Guideline for Shunt Capacitor Applications , 2002, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[3]  Łukasz Hubert Kocewiak,et al.  Harmonic Mitigation Methods in Large Offshore Wind Power Plants , 2013 .

[4]  Ye Zhongming,et al.  Probabilistic characterization of current harmonics of electrical traction power supply system by analytic method , 1999, IECON'99. Conference Proceedings. 25th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (Cat. No.99CH37029).

[5]  Dario Zaninelli,et al.  Electromagnetic Model of High Speed Railway Lines for Power Quality Studies , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[6]  Daniela Proto,et al.  2$\,\times\,$ 25-kV 50 Hz High-Speed Traction Power System: Short-Circuit Modeling , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[7]  Regina Lamedica,et al.  Investigation of resonance phenomena in high speed railway supply systems: Theoretical and experimen , 2011 .

[8]  Wilsun Xu,et al.  Harmonic resonance mode analysis , 2005 .

[9]  T. H. Chen,et al.  Network modelling of traction substation transformers for studying unbalance effects , 1995 .

[10]  Zhengyou He,et al.  Harmonic Resonance Evaluation for Hub Traction Substation Consisting of Multiple High-Speed Railways , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[11]  A. Peer Fathima,et al.  A Technical Survey on Control Strategies of Active Filter for Harmonic Suppression , 2012 .

[12]  Qian Zheng,et al.  Harmonic analysis method for input current of traction system applied in High-speed Electric Multiple Unit , 2011, Proceedings of 2011 International Conference on Electronics and Optoelectronics.

[13]  D.G. Holmes,et al.  A general analytical method for determining the theoretical harmonic components of carrier based PWM strategies , 1998, Conference Record of 1998 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Third IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.98CH36242).

[14]  R. J. Hill.  Electric railway traction. Part 3. Traction power supplies , 1994 .

[15]  S. Gomes,et al.  Three winding transformer s-domain model for modal analysis of electrical networks , 2011 .

[16]  Jyh-Cherng Gu,et al.  Impact of Shunt Active Harmonic Filter on Harmonic Current Distortion of Voltage Source Inverter-Fed Drives , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[17]  Lennart Söder,et al.  A Norton approach to distribution network modeling for harmonic studies , 1999 .

[18]  Hanmin Lee,et al.  Harmonic analysis of the korean high-speed railway using the eight-port representation model , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[19]  José R. Espinoza,et al.  Improving passive filter compensation performance with active techniques , 2003, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..

[20]  Spyridon V. Giannoutsos,et al.  A Systematic Power-Quality Assessment and Harmonic Filter Design Methodology for Variable-Frequency Drive Application in Marine Vessels , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[21]  Zainal Salam,et al.  Harmonics mitigation using active power filter: a technological review , 2006 .

[22]  Ahmed Al-Durra,et al.  $LCL$ Filter Design and Performance Analysis for Grid-Interconnected Systems , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[23]  Ke Wang,et al.  Power-Quality Impact Assessment for High-Speed Railway Associated With High-Speed Trains Using Train Timetable—Part I: Methodology and Modeling , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[24]  Wensheng Song,et al.  High-Frequency Harmonic Resonance Suppression in High-Speed Railway Through Single-Phase Traction Converter With LCL Filter , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification.

[25]  L. Sainz,et al.  Analytical Study of the Series Resonance in Power Systems With the Steinmetz Circuit , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[26]  Zhengyou He,et al.  Train–Network Interactions and Stability Evaluation in High-Speed Railways–Part I: Phenomena and Modeling , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[27]  Isao Iyoda,et al.  High‐order harmonic resonance phenomena of a voltage‐sourced converter in cable system , 2005 .

[28]  F. Peng.  Harmonic sources and filtering approaches , 2001 .

[29]  B. J. Rabi,et al.  A review and study of harmonic mitigation techniques , 2012, 2012 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electrical Engineering and Energy Management (ICETEEEM).

[30]  Zhengyou He,et al.  Modal Frequency Sensitivity Analysis and Application Using Complex Nodal Matrix , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[31]  Zhengyou He,et al.  Power quality in high-speed railway systems , 2016 .

[32]  Zhengyou He,et al.  Harmonic Resonance Assessment to Traction Power-Supply System Considering Train Model in China High-Speed Railway , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[33]  S.A. Papathanassiou,et al.  Harmonic analysis in a power system with wind generation , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[34]  S. Gomes,et al.  Modal analysis of electromagnetic transients in ac networks having long transmission lines , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[35]  Zhe Chen,et al.  Site Selection Strategy of Single-Frequency Tuned R-APF for Background Harmonic Voltage Damping in Power Systems , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[36]  Leszek S. Czarnecki,et al.  An overview of methods of harmonic suppression in distribution systems , 2000, 2000 Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting (Cat. No.00CH37134).

[37]  Mustafa Inci,et al.  Review of hybrid active power filter topologies and controllers , 2013, 4th International Conference on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives.

[38]  Bjorn Gustavsen.  Study of transformer resonant overvoltages caused by cable-transformer high-frequency interaction , 2011, 2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting.

[39]  Zhengyou He,et al.  Passive Filter Design for China High-Speed Railway With Considering Harmonic Resonance and Characteristic Harmonics , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[40]  S. Leva,et al.  Impact of High-Voltage Primary Supply Lines in the 2 $\times$ 25 kV–50 Hz Railway System on the Equivalent Impedance at Pantograph Terminals , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[41]  Zhigang Liu,et al.  A Model-Based Predictive Direct Power Control for Traction Line-Side Converter in High-Speed Railway , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[42]  Wensheng Song,et al.  Resonant harmonic elimination pulse width modulation-based high-frequency resonance suppression of high-speed railways , 2015 .

[43]  Aniruddha M. Gole,et al.  A frequency scanning method for the identification of harmonic instabilities in HVDC systems , 1995 .

[44]  Zhigang Liu,et al.  Stability Research of High-Speed Railway EMUs and Traction Network Cascade System Considering Impedance Matching , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[45]  Wilsun Xu,et al.  An Investigation on the Selection of Filter Topologies for Passive Filter Applications , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[46]  N. Butterworth,et al.  Analysis and design of a three-level PWM converter system for railway-traction applications , 1997 .

[47]  Angela Iagar,et al.  Analysis of electromagnetic pollution produced by line frequency coreless induction furnaces , 2009 .

[48]  Li Qun-zhan.  Measurement and Study of Background Harmonic Voltages in Power Systems , 2005 .

[49]  Zhengyou He,et al.  Measurement-Based Compartmental Modeling of Harmonic Sources in Traction Power-Supply System , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[50]  Bor-Ren Lin,et al.  Current harmonics elimination with a series hybrid active filter , 2001, ISIE 2001. 2001 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics Proceedings (Cat. No.01TH8570).

[51]  Wu Mingli,et al.  Line current harmonics of three-level neutral-point-clamped electric multiple unit rectifiers: analysis, simulation and testing , 2014 .

[52]  J. A. Taufiq,et al.  Analytical solution to harmonic characteristics of traction PWM converters , 1997 .

[53]  Lars Abrahamsson,et al.  Electrical railway power supply systems: Current situation and future trends , 2017 .

[54]  R. E. Morrison,et al.  Specification of an overvoltage damping filter for the National Railways of Zimbabwe , 1989 .

[55]  Frede Blaabjerg,et al.  Pulse Pattern-Modulated Strategy for Harmonic Current Components Reduction in Three-Phase AC–DC Converters , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[56]  E. J. Currence,et al.  Harmonic resonance at a medium sized industrial plant , 1994 .

[57]  G.W. Chang,et al.  Modeling characteristics of harmonic currents generated by high-speed railway traction drive converters , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[58]  Clive Roberts,et al.  Modelling of AC feeding systems of electric railways based on a uniform multi-conductor chain circuit topology , 2010 .

[59]  G. Chicco,et al.  The Impact of Public Lighting on Voltage Distortion in Low-Voltage Distribution Systems , 2001, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[60]  Johanna M. A. Myrzik,et al.  Practical implementation of the coupled norton approach for nonlinear harmonic models , 2014, 2014 Power Systems Computation Conference.

[61]  Alireza Jalilian,et al.  Resonance assessment in electrified railway systems using comprehensive model of train and overhead catenary system , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT).