Mulberry and Vetiver for Phytostabilization of Mine Overburden: Cogeneration of Economic Products

Abstract Mining and smelting have a history of centuries. Once nature was predominant and human interference was negligible. Now, due to population explosion and increased demand for materials and energy, pollution from mine waste is glaringly visible. Coal and a variety of minerals are explored in different countries. Opencast mining generates large quantities of waste “overburden.” The intermediate layers of sandstone, shale, and gravel that are usually present between two coal seams constitute this overburden. Pollution monitoring of abandoned coal mine sites and their reclamation are some of the emerging areas of environmental science and pollution research. In this chapter two cases of phytostabilization are presented: (1) the overburdens in the West Bokaro Coalfields, India, using mulberry, and (2) the Mae Sot, Padaeng zinc mine waste stabilization using vetiver grass in Thailand. Morus alba (mulberry) cultivation on coal mine overburden and vetiver cultivation on zinc mine waste accelerated the natural attenuation processes. These two examples of plants for phytostabilization are beneficial to locals and environmental protection.

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