Status, technological progress, and development directions of the ironmaking industry in China

ABSTRACT The ironmaking industry in China is developing rapidly. This paper discusses the status, technological progress, issues, and possible development directions of ironmaking in China. Because the standards for waste discharge and energy consumption have become more redundant, the steel production capacity has decreased by ∼145 million tons from 2016 to 2018. New sintering and coking technologies, such as water vapour spray sintering, high-temperature exhaust gas sintering, and semi-coke utilization, have led to distinct energy and efficiency improvements. Moreover, blast furnaces (BFs) are becoming larger and more intensive, due to which labour productivity has increased noticeably. However, some issues still remain, such as high fuel ratios, hot blast temperatures, and BF longevity. Nevertheless, eco-friendly and intelligent ironmaking is gaining importance and could be the development directions of the future.

[1]  Li Zhi,et al.  Analysis of efficient operating cycles for blast-furnace stoves , 2013, Metallurgist.

[2]  Supriya Ghosh,et al.  Maximisation of non-coking coals in coke production from non-recovery coke ovens , 2008 .

[4]  Dieter Senk,et al.  Enhancement of Iron Ore Sinter Reducibility through Coke Oven Gas Injection into the Modern Blast Furnace , 2013 .

[5]  Xin Li,et al.  Dome Combustion Hot Blast Stove for Huge Blast Furnace , 2012 .

[6]  Ke Liu,et al.  Study of a Ceramic Burner for Shaftless Stoves , 2009 .

[7]  Z. Jianliang,et al.  Analysis on the Oversize Blast Furnace Desulfurization and a Sulfide Capacity Prediction Model Based on Congregated Electron Phase , 2016, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B.

[8]  Guangwei Wang,et al.  Utilization of semi-coke in iron making technologies in China , 2017 .

[9]  E. Kardas.  The analysis of quality of ferrous burden materials and its effect on the parameters of blast furnace process , 2013 .

[10]  Jianliang Zhang,et al.  Formation mechanism of the graphite-rich protective layer in blast furnace hearths , 2016, International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials.

[11]  TianjunYang,et al.  Optimum design and layout of the cooling apparatus for long compaignship blast furnace , 2003 .

[12]  Jian Yang,et al.  Poisoning effects of KCl and As2O3 on selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 over Mn-Ce/AC catalysts at low temperature , 2018, Chemical Engineering Journal.

[13]  Jianliang Zhang,et al.  Congregated electron phase and Wagner model applied in titanium distribution behavior in low-titanium slag , 2015 .

[14]  M. Kong,et al.  Role of cerium in improving NO reduction with NH3 over Mn–Ce/ASC catalyst in low-temperature flue gas , 2018 .

[15]  Elio Padoano,et al.  Monitoring of Particulate Emissions to Assess the Outcomes of Retrofitting Measures at an Ironmaking Plant , 2011 .

[17]  ShuchenZhang,et al.  Numerical calculation of flow and heat transfer process in the new-type external combustion swirl-flowing hot stove , 2003 .

[18]  Shu-sen Cheng,et al.  Study on the early warning mechanism for the security of blast furnace hearths , 2013, International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials.

[19]  Wei Zhao,et al.  Current status and development trends of innovative blast furnace ironmaking technologies aimed to environmental harmony and operation intellectualization , 2017 .

[20]  N. Nath,et al.  Analysis by multiphase multicomponent model of iron ore sintering based on alternative steelworks gaseous fuels , 2012 .

[21]  Yasin Tunckaya.  Performance assessment of permeability index prediction in an ironmaking process via soft computing techniques , 2017 .

[22]  K. Jiao,et al.  Effects of Pre‐Reduction Degree of Ironsand on Slag Properties in Melting Separation Process , 2018 .

[23]  K. Jiao,et al.  Effect of pre-oxidation on the kinetics of reduction of ironsand , 2017 .

[24]  Wei Hsin Chen,et al.  Pulverized coal burnout in blast furnace simulated by a drop tube furnace , 2010 .

[25]  Jianliang Zhang,et al.  Phase Transitions and Atomic-Scale Migration During the Preoxidation of a Titania/Ferrous Oxide Solution , 2016 .

[26]  R. Marsh,et al.  Opportunities to improve the utilisation of granulated coals for blast furnace injection , 2015 .

[27]  Y. H. Luo,et al.  Utilisation of semi-coke as by-product derived from coal-based direct reduction process in iron ore sintering , 2016 .

[28]  Hong Wang,et al.  Data-Driven Robust M-LS-SVR-Based NARX Modeling for Estimation and Control of Molten Iron Quality Indices in Blast Furnace Ironmaking , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems.