CT-Guided Interstitial HDR Brachytherapy for Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme

Background and Purpose:Recurrences of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) within previously irradiated volumes pose a serious therapeutic challenge. This retrospective study evaluates the long-term tumor control of recurrent GBM treated with interstitial high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BRT).Patients and Methods:Between 1995 and 2003, 84 patients were treated for recurrent cerebral GBM located within previously irradiated volumes. All patients had received adjuvant external radiotherapy following primary surgery, with a focal dose up to 60 Gy. The median recurrent tumor volume was 51 cm3 (3–207cm3), and the HDR-BRT consisted of an afterloading 192Ir implant which delivered a median dose of 40 Gy (30–50 Gy). Catheter implantation was implemented using interactive computed tomography (CT) guidance under local anesthesia and sedoanalgesia.Results:After a median follow-up of 61 months, 5/84 patients (6%) were alive. The median post-BRT survival was 37 weeks, and the median overall survival 78 weeks. Moderate to severe complications occurred in 5/84 cases (6%).Conclusion:For patients with recurrences of GBM within previously irradiated volumes, CT-guided interstitial HDR-BRT is a feasible treatment option that can play an important role in providing palliation.Hintergrund und Ziel:Glioblastoma-multiforme-(GBM-)Rezidive innerhalb vorbestrahlter Volumina stellen eine therapeutische Herausforderung dar. Ziel dieser Studie ist die Vorstellung der CT-gestützten interstitiellen High-Dose-Rate-Brachytherapie (HDRBRT) bei der Behandlung zerebraler GBM-Rezidive.Patienten und Methodik:Von 1995 bis 2003 wurden insgesamt 84 Patienten mit rezidiviertem GBM mittels interstitieller HDR-BRT behandelt. Alle Patienten waren voroperiert und hatten im Rahmen der Primärtherapie eine adjuvante perkutane Teilhirnbestrahlung bis 60 Gy erhalten. In der Rezidivsituation erhielten alle eine fraktionierte interstitielle 192Ir-HDR-BRT bis zu einer medianen Gesamtdosis von 40 Gy (30–50 Gy). Die Implantation der BRT-Katheter wurde bei einem medianen Tumorvolumen von 51 cm3 (3–207 cm3) unter CT-Kontrolle in Sedoanalgesie und Lokalanästhesie durchgeführt.Ergebnisse:Bei einer medianen Nachbeobachtung von 61 Monaten betrug das mediane Überleben 37 Wochen vom Zeitpunkt der Brachytherapie sowie 78 Wochen ab Diagnosestellung. Moderate bis schwerwiegende Komplikationen ereigneten sich in 5/84 Fällen (6%).Schlussfolgerung:Die CT-gestützte interstitielle HDR-BRT ist ein wertvolles Instrument für die palliative Behandlung von Patienten mit rezidiviertem GBM.

[1]  L. Zamorano,et al.  Use of the RTOG recursive partitioning analysis to validate the benefit of iodine-125 implants in the primary treatment of malignant gliomas. , 1999, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[2]  J. Debus,et al.  Human Glioblastoma and Carcinoma Xenograft Tumors Treated by Combined Radiation and Imatinib (Gleevec®) , 2006, Strahlentherapie und Onkologie.

[3]  Benedick A Fraass,et al.  Survival and failure patterns of high-grade gliomas after three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy. , 2002, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[4]  N. Mantel Evaluation of survival data and two new rank order statistics arising in its consideration. , 1966, Cancer chemotherapy reports.

[5]  Comparison of stereotactic radiosurgery and brachytherapy in the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. , 1995 .

[6]  P. Gutin,et al.  Recurrent malignant gliomas: survival following interstitial brachytherapy with high-activity iodine-125 sources. , 1987, Journal of neurosurgery.

[7]  M. Bernstein,et al.  The value of reoperation for recurrent glioblastoma. , 1993, Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie.

[8]  P. Kelly Survival and Functional Status after Resection of Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme , 1998 .

[9]  A. Olivi,et al.  Treatment of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme with GliaSite brachytherapy. , 2005, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[10]  P. Cornu,et al.  Brachytherapy of glioblastoma recurring in previously irradiated territory: predictive value of tumor volume. , 2002, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[11]  H. van Loveren,et al.  Permanent iodine-125 interstitial implants for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. , 2000, Neurosurgery.

[12]  P. Gutin,et al.  Survival and quality of life after interstitial implantation of removable high-activity iodine-125 sources for the treatment of patients with recurrent malignant gliomas. , 1989, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[13]  D. Baltas,et al.  CT guided interstitial high dose rate brachytherapy for recurrent malignant gliomas. , 1999, The British journal of radiology.

[14]  P. Wen,et al.  Long term results of stereotactic brachytherapy used in the initial treatment of patients with glioblastomas , 1994, Cancer.

[15]  Susan M. Chang,et al.  Permanent iodine 125 brachytherapy in patients with progressive or recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. , 2004, Neuro-oncology.

[16]  M. Bernstein,et al.  Brachytherapy for recurrent malignant astrocytoma. , 1994, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[17]  G. Broggi,et al.  Efficacy of ‘8-drugs-in-one-day’ combination in treatment of recurrent GBM patients , 1992, Journal of Neuro-Oncology.

[18]  P. Wen,et al.  Treatment of patients with primary glioblastoma multiforme with standard postoperative radiotherapy and radiosurgical boost: prognostic factors and long-term outcome. , 1999, Journal of neurosurgery.

[19]  High-Dose Interstitial Brachytherapy for Glioblastoma Multiforme , 1994, Tumori.

[20]  G. Broggi,et al.  Systemic Temozolomide Combined with Loco-regional Mitoxantrone in Treating Recurrent Glioblastoma , 2005, Journal of Neuro-Oncology.

[21]  A. Brandes,et al.  Procarbazine and high-dose tamoxifen as a second-line regimen in recurrent high-grade gliomas: a phase II study. , 1999, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[22]  Nikolaos K. Uzunoglu,et al.  CT-based software for 3-D localization and reconstruction in stepping source brachytherapy , 1997, IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine.

[23]  W. Grant,et al.  Fractionated high-dose rate brachytherapy for intracranial gliomas. , 1994, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[24]  M. Prados,et al.  External irradiation followed by an interstitial high activity iodine-125 implant "boost" in the initial treatment of malignant gliomas: NCOG study 6G-82-2. , 1991, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[25]  Y. Shibamoto,et al.  Intraoperative Radiation Therapy for Brain Tumors with Emphasis on Retreatment for Recurrence Following Full‐Dose External Beam Irradiation , 1994, American journal of clinical oncology.

[26]  M. Berger,et al.  Operation and permanent low activity 125I brachytheraphy for recurrent high-grade astrocytomas. , 1996, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[27]  A. Grosu,et al.  Treatment of unresectable glioblastoma multiforme. , 2005, Anticancer research.

[28]  A. Grosu,et al.  Radiotherapy for high-grade gliomas. Does altered fractionation improve the outcome? , 2004, Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al].

[29]  G. Sheline,et al.  Radiotherapy for high grade gliomas. , 1990, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[30]  Martin J. van den Bent,et al.  Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for glioblastoma. , 2005, The New England journal of medicine.

[31]  Bruce Thomadsen,et al.  Inter-society standards for the performance of brachytherapy: a joint report from ABS, ACMP and ACRO. , 2003, Critical reviews in oncology/hematology.

[32]  M. Chamberlain,et al.  Concurrent cisplatin therapy and iodine 125 brachytherapy for recurrent malignant brain tumors. , 1995, Archives of neurology.

[33]  M. Ammirati,et al.  Reoperation in the treatment of recurrent intracranial malignant gliomas. , 1987, Neurosurgery.

[34]  M. Prados,et al.  Thermoradiotherapy of recurrent malignant brain tumors. , 1992, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[35]  J. Muscat,et al.  Treatment of recurrent high grade astrocytoma; results of a systematic review of 1,415 patients. , 1998, Anticancer research.

[36]  E. Newlands,et al.  The Charing Cross Hospital experience with temozolomide in patients with gliomas. , 1996, European journal of cancer.

[37]  U. Nestle,et al.  Hyperfractionated reirradiation for malignant glioma. , 1999, Frontiers of radiation therapy and oncology.

[38]  R D Adams,et al.  Bragg-peak proton-beam therapy for arteriovenous malformations of the brain. , 1983, The New England journal of medicine.

[39]  R. Laing,et al.  Efficacy and toxicity of fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy in the treatment of recurrent gliomas (phase I/II study). , 1993, Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology.

[40]  H. Eich,et al.  Efficacy and Toxicity of Postoperative Temozolomide Radiochemotherapy in Malignant Glioma , 2005, Strahlentherapie und Onkologie.

[41]  E. Shaw,et al.  Radiosurgery for the treatment of previously irradiated recurrent primary brain tumors and brain metastases: initial report of radiation therapy oncology group protocol (90-05). , 1996, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[42]  M L Apuzzo,et al.  Treatment of recurrent malignant gliomas with chronic oral high-dose tamoxifen. , 1996, Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.

[43]  L Souhami,et al.  Single dose radiosurgical treatment of recurrent previously irradiated primary brain tumors and brain metastases: final report of RTOG protocol 90-05. , 2000, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[44]  D. Baltas,et al.  A conformal index (COIN) to evaluate implant quality and dose specification in brachytherapy. , 1998, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[45]  Branislav Jeremic,et al.  Positron Emission Tomography for Radiation Treatment Planning , 2005, Strahlentherapie und Onkologie.

[46]  M. Bernstein,et al.  Randomized study of brachytherapy in the initial management of patients with malignant astrocytoma. , 1998, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[47]  L. D.,et al.  Brain tumors , 2005, Psychiatric Quarterly.

[48]  M. Prados,et al.  High activity iodine-125 interstitial implant for gliomas. , 1992, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[49]  C. Belka,et al.  Chemotherapy in the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme: ifosfamide versus temozolomide , 1999, Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology.

[50]  V. Sturm,et al.  Incidence of late radiation necrosis with transient mass effect after interstitial low dose rate radiotherapy for cerebral gliomas , 2005, Acta Neurochirurgica.

[51]  S. Piantadosi,et al.  Placebo-controlled trial of safety and efficacy of intraoperative controlled delivery by biodegradable polymers of chemotherapy for recurrent gliomas. The Polymer-brain Tumor Treatment Group. , 1995, Lancet.

[52]  J. Debus,et al.  Temozolomide Combined with Irradiation as Postoperative Treatment of Primary Glioblastoma Multiforme , 2005, Strahlentherapie und Onkologie.

[53]  H. Aydin,et al.  Patterns of Failure Following CT-Based 3-D Irradiation for Malignant Glioma , 2001, Strahlentherapie und Onkologie.

[54]  E. Kaplan,et al.  Nonparametric Estimation from Incomplete Observations , 1958 .

[55]  W. Curran,et al.  A phase I dose escalation study of hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy as salvage therapy for persistent or recurrent malignant glioma. , 1999, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[56]  M. Brada Current approaches to radiation therapy for malignant gliomas. , 1999, Frontiers of radiation therapy and oncology.

[57]  S. Piantadosi,et al.  Placebo-controlled trial of safety and efficacy of intraoperative controlled delivery by biodegradable polymers of chemotherapy for recurrent gliomas , 1995, The Lancet.