Optimal V2G scheduling of electric vehicles and Unit Commitment using Chemical Reaction Optimization

An electric vehicle (EV) may be used as energy storage which allows the bi-directional electricity flow between the vehicle's battery and the electric power grid. In order to flatten the load profile of the electricity system, EV scheduling has become a hot research topic in recent years. In this paper, we propose a new formulation of the joint scheduling of EV and Unit Commitment (UC), called EVUC. Our formulation considers the characteristics of EVs while optimizing the system total running cost. We employ Chemical Reaction Optimization (CRO), a general-purpose optimization algorithm to solve this problem and the simulation results on a widely used set of instances indicate that CRO can effectively optimize this problem.

[1]  Victor O. K. Li,et al.  Sensor deployment for air pollution monitoring using public transportation system , 2012, 2012 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation.

[2]  Willett Kempton,et al.  Integration of renewable energy into the transport and electricity sectors through V2G , 2008 .

[3]  Shokri Z. Selim,et al.  Integrating genetic algorithms, tabu search, and simulated annealing for the unit commitment problem , 1999 .

[4]  Victor O. K. Li,et al.  Real-coded chemical reaction optimization with different perturbation functions , 2012, 2012 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation.

[5]  Jin Xu,et al.  On the Convergence of Chemical Reaction Optimization for Combinatorial Optimization , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation.

[6]  Victor O. K. Li,et al.  Chemical Reaction Optimization: a tutorial , 2012, Memetic Computing.

[7]  Huei Peng,et al.  Optimal Energy and Catalyst Temperature Management of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles for Minimum Fuel Consumption and Tail-Pipe Emissions , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology.

[8]  Eiichi Tanaka,et al.  An Evolutionary Programming Solution to the Unit Commitment Problem , 1997 .

[9]  Victor O. K. Li,et al.  Chemical Reaction Optimization for Cognitive Radio Spectrum Allocation , 2010, 2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference GLOBECOM 2010.

[10]  L. L. Lai,et al.  A fuzzy dissolved gas analysis method for the diagnosis of multiple incipient faults in a transformer , 2000 .

[11]  Ahmed Yousuf Saber,et al.  Plug-in Vehicles and Renewable Energy Sources for Cost and Emission Reductions , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[12]  Ching-Tzong Su,et al.  New approach with a Hopfield modeling framework to economic dispatch , 2000 .

[13]  Victor O. K. Li,et al.  Chemical-Reaction-Inspired Metaheuristic for Optimization , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation.

[14]  Chris Develder,et al.  Optimizing smart energy control strategies for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle charging , 2010, 2010 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium Workshops.

[15]  Ahmed Yousuf Saber,et al.  Resource Scheduling Under Uncertainty in a Smart Grid With Renewables and Plug-in Vehicles , 2012, IEEE Systems Journal.

[16]  Walid Saad,et al.  A multi-layer market for vehicle-to-grid energy trading in the smart grid , 2012, 2012 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM Workshops.

[17]  Victor O. K. Li,et al.  Capacity management of vehicle-to-grid system for power regulation services , 2012, 2012 IEEE Third International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm).

[18]  C.D. Vournas,et al.  Unit Commitment by an Enhanced Simulated Annealing Algorithm , 2006, 2006 IEEE PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition.

[19]  Jin Xu,et al.  Chemical Reaction Optimization for the optimal power flow problem , 2012, 2012 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation.

[20]  Ling Guan,et al.  Optimal Scheduling for Charging and Discharging of Electric Vehicles , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[21]  Victor O. K. Li,et al.  Evolutionary artificial neural network based on Chemical Reaction Optimization , 2011, 2011 IEEE Congress of Evolutionary Computation (CEC).

[22]  Sekyung Han,et al.  Development of an Optimal Vehicle-to-Grid Aggregator for Frequency Regulation , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[23]  Victor O. K. Li,et al.  Real-Coded Chemical Reaction Optimization , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation.

[24]  T. Lau,et al.  Quantum-Inspired Evolutionary Algorithm Approach for Unit Commitment , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[25]  M. R. Mohan,et al.  An evolutionary programming-based tabu search method for solving the unit commitment problem , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[26]  T. Logenthiran,et al.  Particle Swarm Optimization for unit commitment problem , 2010, 2010 IEEE 11th International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems.

[27]  G.B. Shrestha,et al.  A study of electric vehicle battery charging demand in the context of Singapore , 2007, 2007 International Power Engineering Conference (IPEC 2007).

[28]  Po-Hung Chen,et al.  Two-Level Hierarchical Approach to Unit Commitment Using Expert System and Elite PSO , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[29]  Rodney R. White,et al.  Carbon Finance: The Financial Implications of Climate Change , 2007 .

[30]  Jin Xu,et al.  Optimal PMU placement for wide-area monitoring using chemical reaction optimization , 2013, 2013 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT).

[31]  Tsair-Rong Chen,et al.  Sinusoidal-Ripple-Current Charging Strategy and Optimal Charging Frequency Study for Li-Ion Batteries , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.