Observational study of 14 cases of chronic pancreatitis in dogs

This study reports the clinical, clinicopathological and ultrasonographic findings from dogs with chronic pancreatitis (CP). Fourteen dogs with clinical signs consistent with CP and histological confirmation of the disease were evaluated. Abdominal ultrasound and clinical pathology results were recorded. Sensitivities of pancreatic enzymes for diagnosis of CP were calculated with two different cut-off values. The mean age of affected dogs was 9.1 years. Spaniels were the most common breed with CP, representing seven of the 14 dogs in this study. CP was histologically severe in nine cases. Most dogs showed chronic low-grade gastrointestinal signs and abdominal pain. Five dogs had exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and five dogs had diabetes mellitus. The sensitivity of elevated trypsin-like immunoreactivity for CP was 17 per cent. The sensitivities of canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity, lipase and amylase for CP were 44 to 67 per cent or 14 to 28 per cent depending on the cut-off value used. Cholesterol was elevated in 58 per cent of samples. Liver enzymes were often elevated. The pancreas appeared abnormal on 56 per cent of ultrasound examinations. Ten dogs had died by the end of the study period; only one case was due to CP.

[1]  D. Gunn-Moore,et al.  BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Endocrinology , 2012 .

[2]  R. Siriwardana,et al.  Postmortem sampling of the pancreas for histological examination: what is the optimum cut-off time? , 2010, JOP : Journal of the pancreas.

[3]  A. Jergens,et al.  Endoscopic, biopsy, and histopathologic guidelines for the evaluation of gastrointestinal inflammation in companion animals. , 2010, Journal of veterinary internal medicine.

[4]  J. Steiner,et al.  Chronic pancreatitis in dogs and cats. , 2008, Compendium.

[5]  P. Watson,et al.  Prevalence and breed distribution of chronic pancreatitis at post-mortem examination in first-opinion dogs. , 2007, The Journal of small animal practice.

[6]  L. McLean,et al.  Breed associations for canine exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. , 2007, Journal of veterinary internal medicine.

[7]  B. Sheppard,et al.  Lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis presenting as a pancreatic head mass in a child: case report and management recommendations. , 2006, Journal of pediatric surgery.

[8]  S. Behrman,et al.  Total Pancreatectomy for the Treatment of Chronic Pancreatitis: Indications, Outcomes, and Recommendations , 2006, The American surgeon.

[9]  J. Steiner,et al.  Serum lipase activities and pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity concentrations in dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. , 2006, American journal of veterinary research.

[10]  D. Williams,et al.  Histologic Assessment and Grading of the Exocrine Pancreas in the Dog , 2006, Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc.

[11]  J. Hermon-Taylor,et al.  Cholecystokinin-8 induces edematous pancreatitis in dogs associated with short burst of trypsinogen activation , 1995, Digestive Diseases and Sciences.

[12]  L. Blackwood,et al.  BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Clinical Pathology , 2005 .

[13]  G. Zamboni,et al.  Histopathological features of diagnostic and clinical relevance in autoimmune pancreatitis: a study on 53 resection specimens and 9 biopsy specimens , 2004, Virchows Archiv.

[14]  J. Steiner,et al.  Effects of exchange of dietary medium chain triglycerides for long-chain triglycerides on serum biochemical variables and subjectively assessed well-being of dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. , 2004, American journal of veterinary research.

[15]  P. Watson,et al.  Use of glucagon stimulation tests to assess beta-cell function in dogs with chronic pancreatitis. , 2004, The Journal of nutrition.

[16]  J. Steiner,et al.  Localization of pancreatic inflammation and necrosis in dogs. , 2004, Journal of veterinary internal medicine.

[17]  A. D'avignon,et al.  Comparison of various methods for estimating body fat in dogs. , 2004, Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association.

[18]  P. Watson Pancreatitis in the dog:. dealing with a spectrum of disease , 2004, In Practice.

[19]  E. Westermarck,et al.  Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in dogs. , 2003, The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice.

[20]  J. Steiner Diagnosis of pancreatitis. , 2003, The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice.

[21]  P. Watson Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency as an end stage of pancreatitis in four dogs. , 2003, The Journal of small animal practice.

[22]  J. Steiner,et al.  Development and analytic validation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the measurement of canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity in serum. , 2003, Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire.

[23]  C. Elwood,et al.  A potential causal association between gastrointestinal disease and primary polydipsia in three dogs. , 2003, The Journal of small animal practice.

[24]  B. Jones,et al.  Assessing the severity of canine pancreatitis. , 2003, Research in veterinary science.

[25]  M J Day,et al.  Chronic intestinal inflammation and intestinal disease in dogs. , 2003, Journal of veterinary internal medicine.

[26]  R. Hawes A clinician's perspective on chronic pancreatitis--2002. , 2002, Reviews in gastroenterological disorders.

[27]  D. Whitcomb,et al.  Chronic pancreatitis: diagnosis, classification, and new genetic developments. , 2001, Gastroenterology.

[28]  C. Mansfield,et al.  Plasma and urinary trypsinogen activation peptide in healthy dogs, dogs with pancreatitis and dogs with other systemic diseases. , 2000, Australian veterinary journal.

[29]  M. Novales,et al.  Effects of dexamethasone administration on serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity in healthy dogs. , 1999, American journal of veterinary research.

[30]  E. Albert Inflammatory bowel disease. Current perspectives. , 1999 .

[31]  F. Shofer,et al.  Evaluation of risk factors for fatal acute pancreatitis in dogs. , 1999, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association.

[32]  F. Shofer,et al.  Clinical, clinicopathologic, radiographic, and ultrasonographic abnormalities in dogs with fatal acute pancreatitis: 70 cases (1986-1995). , 1998, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association.

[33]  D. Laflamme Development and validation of a body condition score system for dogs , 1997 .

[34]  E. Breitschwerdt,et al.  Risk factors associated with acute pancreatitis in dogs: 101 cases (1985-1990). , 1993, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association.

[35]  S. Larsen Diabetes mellitus secondary to chronic pancreatitis. , 1993, Danish medical bulletin.

[36]  B. Jones,et al.  Canine hyperadrenocorticism. , 1993, New Zealand veterinary journal.

[37]  R. Russell,et al.  Minimal change chronic pancreatitis. , 1992, Gut.

[38]  R. Batt,et al.  A survey of the diagnosis and treatment of canine exocrine pancreatic insufficiency , 1991 .

[39]  H. M. Saunders,et al.  Ultrasonography of the pancreas. , 1991, Problems in veterinary medicine.

[40]  P. Lankisch [Chronic pancreatitis]. , 1991, Der Internist.

[41]  D. Williams,et al.  Sensitivity and specificity of radioimmunoassay of serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity for the diagnosis of canine exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. , 1988, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association.

[42]  Rebar Ah,et al.  Effects of acute pancreatitis on circulating lipids in dogs. , 1987 .

[43]  R. Ford,et al.  Effects of acute pancreatitis on circulating lipids in dogs. , 1987, American journal of veterinary research.

[44]  D. Matthiesen,et al.  Common bile duct obstruction secondary to chronic fibrosing pancreatitis: treatment by use of cholecystoduodenostomy in the dog. , 1986, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association.

[45]  D. W. Hayden,et al.  Serum amylase and lipase activities in dogs with chronic primary renal failure. , 1983, American journal of veterinary research.

[46]  J. Parent Effects of dexamethasone on pancreatic tissue and on serum amylase and lipase activities in dogs. , 1982, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association.

[47]  T. Farver,et al.  Serum amylase and lipase activities in the diagnosis of pancreatitis in dogs. , 1981, American journal of veterinary research.

[48]  J. Sibert Hereditary pancreatitis in England and Wales. , 1978, Journal of medical genetics.

[49]  Y K Fujikami,et al.  Ultrasonography of the Pancreas , 1977, The Lancet.

[50]  E. Dimagno,et al.  Relations between pancreatic enzyme outputs and malabsorption in severe pancreatic insufficiency. , 1973, The New England journal of medicine.

[51]  N. V. Anderson Pancreatitis in dogs. , 1973, The Veterinary clinics of North America.