Brain size and cerebral glucose metabolic rate in nonspecific mental retardation and down syndrome

Brain size and cerebral glucose metabolic rate (GMR) were determined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) in individuals with mild mental retardation (MR), individuals with Down syndrome (DS) without dementia and in matched controls. The MRI data showed that the MR and the DS groups both had brain volumes of about 80% of controls; variance was greatest within the MR group. PET was obtained with [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) as the tracer during a test of attention (Continuous Performance Test; CPT). Whole brain cortex GMR was higher than the controls in both the MR and the DS groups. For all subjects combined, the correlation between brain size and IQ was .65 (p < .005).

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