Economic analysis of photovoltaic-powered solar domestic hot water systems in Kuwait

The present paper first presents a comparison between the photovoltaic four-parameter and five-parameter models. The comparison was performed using polycrystalline and amorphous silicon solar cells. The results showed that the four-parameter model can accurately determine the I–V characteristics of single- and polycrystalline solar cells. On the other hand, the five-parameter model can be used to accurately determine the I–V characteristics of amorphous solar cells in addition to its capability of predicting the I–V characteristics of single- and polycrystalline solar cells.