37 PROGRAMMING Clusters of commodity servers have become a major computing platform, powering both large Internet services and a growing number of data-intensive enterprise and scientific applications. To reduce the challenges of building distributed applications, researchers and practitioners have developed a diverse array of new software frameworks for clusters. For example, frameworks such as memcached Berkeley. Before working on resource management for cluster computing, he worked on resource management for single-node parallel computing. His interests include operating systems, distributed systems, programming languages, and all the ways they intersect. Berkeley, who has worked on tracing and scheduling in distributed systems such as Hadoop and Mesos. Scott Shenker and Ion Stoica on topics in cloud computing, operating systems, and networking. He is also a committer on Apache Hadoop. He got his undergraduate degree at the University of Waterloo in Canada. since 2009. His interests include cloud computing, distributed computing, and micro-economic applications in computer science. Berkeley. He is developing adaptive techniques for cloud computing, network and computer security, and security defenses for machine-learning–based decision systems. He also co-leads the DETERlab testbed, a secure scalable testbed for conducting cybersecurity research. where he has been on the faculty since 1983. His current interests are the architecture and design of modern Internet Datacenters and related large-scale services. Scott Shenker spent his academic youth studying theoretical physics but soon gave up chaos theory for computer science. Continuing to display a remarkably short attention span, over the years he has wandered from computer performance modeling and computer networks research to game theory and economics. Unable to hold a steady job, he currently splits his time he does research on cloud computing and networked computer systems. Past work includes the Chord DHT, Dynamic Packet State (DPS), Internet Indirection Infrastructure (i3), declarative networks, replay-debugging, and multi-layer tracing in distributed systems. His current research includes resource management and scheduling for data centers, cluster computing frameworks for iterative and interactive applications, and network architectures.