Backward walking treadmill therapy can improve walking ability in children with spastic cerebral palsy: a pilot study

The aim of this study was to determine whether an 8-week period of backward walking (BW) training on the treadmill can improve the gross motor function measure (GMFM), weight-bearing symmetry, and temporospatial gait parameters in individuals with spastic cerebral palsy. Twelve participants aged 5–15 years with spastic cerebral palsy participated in this study. The BW training was conducted on a treadmill for up to 20 min, with three sessions per week for 8 consecutive weeks. Before each treadmill training session, lower limb stretching was included in the session. Interlimb differentials of vertical ground reaction force while standing, temporal-distance gait parameters, and scores of dimension D and dimension E of the GMFM were determined. Participants showed statistically significant improvements in a measure of GMFM (P<0.01) and weight-bearing symmetry value (P<0.05), forward walking velocity (P<0.05), and step/stride length (P<0.05 or P<0.01). This pilot study suggests that BW therapy on a treadmill may help to improve walking abilities and other gross motor skills in this sample of patients. Mit der vorliegenden Studie soll ermittelt werden, ob ein 8-wöchiges Training mit Rückwärtsgehen auf dem Laufband das GMFM-Instrument der Messung der körpermotorischen Fähigkeiten, die Belastungssymmetrie und die temporospatialen Gangparameter bei Personen mit spastischer Zerebralparese verbessern kann. An dieser Studie nahmen insgesamt zwölf Patienten mit spastischer Zerebralparese im Alter von 5–15 Jahren teil. Das Training mit Rückwärtsgehen auf dem Laufband erfolgte über acht aufeinander folgende Wochen hinweg an drei Therapiesitzungen pro Woche für eine Dauer von jeweils bis zu 20 Minuten. Vor jedem Training auf dem Laufband erfolgten Dehnübungen der unteren Extremitäten. Gemessen wurden die verschiedenen Extremitäten-Differentiale der vertikalen Bodenreaktionskraft beim Stehen, die temporalen Distanz-Gangparameter und Scores der Dimension D und Dimension E des GMFM. Die Teilnehmer wiesen statistisch signifikante Verbesserungen bei der Messung der GMFM- (P<0.01) und Belastungssymmetriewerte auf (P<0.05) sowie bei der Vorwärtsganggeschwindigkeit (P<0.05) und der Schrittlänge (P<0.05 oder P<0.01). Diese Pilotstudie gibt zu erkennen, dass die Therapie mit Rückwärtsgehen auf einem Laufband bei dieser Patienten-Stichprobe zur Verbesserung der Gehfähigkeit und anderer körpermotorischer Fähigkeiten beitragen kann. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si un período de 8 semanas de entrenamiento de la marcha inversa (BW, por sus siglas en inglés) en una cinta puede mejorar la Medición de la Función Motora Gruesa (GMFM), la simetría con peso y los parámetros tempo-espaciales de la marcha en individuos con parálisis cerebral espástica. En el estudio participaron 12 sujetos de 5-15 años de edad con parálisis cerebral espástica. El entrenamiento de BW se llevó a cabo en una cinta durante un máximo de 20 min, realizándose tres sesiones semanales durante 8 semanas consecutivas. Antes de cada una de las sesiones de entrenamiento en cinta se llevaban a cabo una serie de estiramientos de las extremidades inferiores. Se determinaron los diferenciales de la fuerza vertical de reacción del suelo de ambas extremidades mientras los sujetos estaban de pie, los parámetros temporales y de distancia de la marcha y las puntuaciones de las dimensiones D y E de la GMFM. Los participantes presentaron unas mejoras estadísticamente significativas de GMFM (P<0.01), del valor de la simetría con peso (P<0.05), de la velocidad de la marcha hacia delante (P<0.05) y de la longitud del paso/zancada (P<0.05 o P<0.01). Este estudio piloto sugiere que el entrenamiento de BW en cinta puede mejorar la capacidad de marcha y otras habilidades motoras gruesas en este tipo de pacientes. Cette étude avait pour objet de déterminer si une période de 8 semaines d’entraînement à la marche en arrière (BW) sur tapis roulant pouvait améliorer la mesure de fonction motrice brute (GMFM), la symétrie de répartition du poids et les paramètres de démarche temporels-spatiaux chez les personnes atteintes de paralysie cérébrale spastique. Douze patients de 5 à 15 ans atteints de paralysie cérébrale spastique ont participé à l’étude. L'entraînement à la BW a été effectué sur un tapis roulant pendant un maximum de 20 min, à raison de trois séances par semaine pendant 8 semaines consécutives. Avant chaque séance d'entraînement sur tapis roulant, des exercices d’étirement des membres inférieurs ont été inclus. Les écarts de force de réaction verticale par rapport au sol entre les membres en position debout, les paramètres temporels-distance de démarche et des dizaines de dimensions D et E de la mesure GMFM ont été déterminés. Les participants ont présenté une amélioration statistiquement significative dans une mesure de GMFM (P<0.01) et la valeur de répartition du poids (P<0.05), la vitesse de marche avant (P<0.05) et la longueur de pas (P<0.05 ou P<0.01). Cette étude pilote suggère que la thérapie BW sur un tapis roulant peut contribuer à améliorer les capacités de marche et autres compétences de motricité brutes parmi cet échantillon de patients.

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