A roadmap for serum biomarkers for hepatitis B virus: current status and future outlook

[1]  T. Baumert,et al.  Capsid Assembly Modulators as Antiviral Agents against HBV: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Perspectives , 2022, Journal of clinical medicine.

[2]  M. Sonderup,et al.  Global Disparities in Hepatitis B Elimination—A Focus on Africa , 2022, Viruses.

[3]  R. Hammond,et al.  Role of anti-HBs in functional cure of HBeAg+ chronic hepatitis B patients infected with HBV genotype A. , 2021, Journal of hepatology.

[4]  G. Lauer,et al.  The Inflammatory Cytokine Profile Associated with Liver Damage is Broader and Stronger in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Compared to Acute Hepatitis B Patients. , 2021, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[5]  F. Ceccherini‐Silberstein,et al.  Droplet digital PCR assay as an innovative and promising highly sensitive assay to unveil residual and cryptic HBV replication in peripheral compartment. , 2021, Methods.

[6]  K. Matsuura,et al.  Clinical efficacy of a novel, high-sensitivity HBcrAg assay in the management of chronic hepatitis B and HBV reactivation. , 2021, Journal of hepatology.

[7]  William M. Lee,et al.  Highly multiplexed 2-dimensional imaging mass cytometry analysis of HBV-infected liver , 2021, JCI insight.

[8]  F. Simon,et al.  Analytical validation of hepatitis B core‐related antigen (HBcrAg) using dried blood spots (DBS) , 2021, Journal of viral hepatitis.

[9]  T. Volz,et al.  Therapeutic shutdown of HBV transcripts promotes reappearance of the SMC5/6 complex and silencing of the viral genome in vivo , 2021, Gut.

[10]  M. Buti,et al.  Incremental value of HBcrAg to classify 1582 HBeAg‐negative individuals in chronic infection without liver disease or hepatitis , 2021, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[11]  T. Tseng,et al.  Serum hepatitis B core‐related antigen level stratifies risk of disease progression in chronic hepatitis B patients with intermediate viral load , 2021, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[12]  David H Perlman,et al.  Characterization and Application of Precore/Core‐Related Antigens in Animal Models of Hepatitis B Virus Infection , 2021, Hepatology.

[13]  F. Zoulim,et al.  Quantification and epigenetic evaluation of the residual pool of hepatitis B covalently closed circular DNA in long-term nucleoside analogue-treated patients , 2020, Scientific Reports.

[14]  C. Dutertre,et al.  Highly functional virus-specific cellular immune response in asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection , 2020, bioRxiv.

[15]  S. Locarnini,et al.  Real‐world application of the Xpert® HBV viral load assay on serum and dried blood spots , 2020, Journal of medical virology.

[16]  S. Wieland,et al.  Transition to HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B virus infection is associated with reduced cccDNA transcriptional activity. , 2020, Journal of hepatology.

[17]  M. Yuen,et al.  HBV RNA Profiles in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Under Different Disease Phases and Antiviral Therapy , 2020, Hepatology.

[18]  P. Revill,et al.  Characterization of Hepatitis B Precore/Core-Related Antigens , 2020, Journal of Virology.

[19]  André F. Rendeiro,et al.  The spatial landscape of lung pathology during COVID-19 progression , 2021, Nature.

[20]  T. Berg,et al.  Composition of HBsAg is predictive of HBsAg loss during treatment in patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. , 2020, Journal of hepatology.

[21]  A. Villanueva,et al.  Liquid biopsy in the clinical management of hepatocellular carcinoma , 2020, Gut.

[22]  Ting Wang,et al.  New Blood Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of AFP-Negative Hepatocellular Carcinoma , 2020, Frontiers in Oncology.

[23]  Chris M. Brown,et al.  Quantitative analysis of the splice variants expressed by the major hepatitis B virus genotypes , 2020, bioRxiv.

[24]  M. Yuen,et al.  Role of serum HBV RNA and hepatitis B surface antigen levels in identifying Asian patients with chronic hepatitis B suitable for entecavir cessation , 2020, Gut.

[25]  D. Glebe,et al.  Editorial: which factors influence HBsAg levels in HBV‐infected patients? , 2020, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[26]  C. Trautwein,et al.  Response to discontinuation of long-term nucleos(t)ide analogue treatment in HBeAg negative patients: Results of the Stop-NUC trial , 2020, Journal of Hepatology.

[27]  K. Agarwal,et al.  Circulating Pregenomic HBV RNA is Primarily Full-length in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Undergoing Nucleos(t)ide Analogue Therapy. , 2020, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[28]  A. Sette,et al.  Phenotype and kinetics of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome , 2020, Science Immunology.

[29]  M. V. von Herrath,et al.  Faculty Opinions recommendation of Targets of T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus in Humans with COVID-19 Disease and Unexposed Individuals. , 2020, Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature.

[30]  V. Miller,et al.  Association Between Seroclearance of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen and Long-term Clinical Outcomes of Patients With Chronic HBV Infection: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. , 2020, Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association.

[31]  J. Greenbaum,et al.  Targets of T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus in Humans with COVID-19 Disease and Unexposed Individuals , 2020, Cell.

[32]  W. Lu,et al.  Clinical relevance of the in situ assay for HBV DNA: a cross-sectional study in patients with chronic hepatitis B , 2020, Journal of Clinical Pathology.

[33]  G. Missale,et al.  Pathogenetic Mechanisms of T Cell Dysfunction in Chronic HBV Infection and Related Therapeutic Approaches , 2020, Frontiers in Immunology.

[34]  A. Gehring,et al.  Mechanisms of HBV immune evasion. , 2020, Antiviral research.

[35]  Jian Wang,et al.  Profiles of serum soluble programmed death‐1 and programmed death‐ligand 1 levels in chronic hepatitis B virus‐infected patients with different disease phases and after anti‐viral treatment , 2020, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[36]  M. Manns,et al.  RNA Interference Therapy With ARC‐520 Results in Prolonged Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Response in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Infection , 2020, Hepatology.

[37]  C. Galli,et al.  The combination of PIVKA‐II and AFP improves the detection accuracy for HCC in HBV caucasian cirrhotics on long‐term oral therapy , 2020, Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver.

[38]  J. Marrero,et al.  Biomarkers for the Early Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma , 2020, Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.

[39]  N. Chuaypen,et al.  Reverse transcriptase droplet digital PCR vs reverse transcriptase quantitative real‐time PCR for serum HBV RNA quantification , 2020, Journal of medical virology.

[40]  R. Ueda,et al.  Ultra-high sensitivity HBsAg assay can diagnose HBV reactivation following rituximab-based therapy in patients with lymphoma. , 2020, Journal of hepatology.

[41]  A. Kramvis Challenges for hepatitis B virus cure in resource-limited settings in sub-Saharan Africa. , 2020, Current opinion in HIV and AIDS.

[42]  Q. Ning,et al.  Association Between Negative Results From Tests for HBV DNA and RNA and Durability of Response After Discontinuation of Nucles(t)ide Analogue Therapy. , 2020, Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association.

[43]  F. Zoulim,et al.  Full-length 5'RACE identifies all major HBV transcripts in HBV-infected hepatocytes and patient serum. , 2020, Journal of hepatology.

[44]  A. Lok,et al.  Serum alanine aminotransferase flares in chronic hepatitis B infection: the good and the bad. , 2020, The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology.

[45]  W. Gerlich,et al.  Peculiarities in the designations of hepatitis B virus genes, their products, and their antigenic specificities: a potential source of misunderstandings , 2020, Virus Genes.

[46]  P. Lampertico,et al.  Epidemiology and surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma: New trends. , 2020, Journal of hepatology.

[47]  T. Berg,et al.  Hepatitis B virus RNA as Early Predictor for Response to PEGylated Interferon Alfa in HBeAg Negative Chronic Hepatitis B. , 2020, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[48]  Sean C. Bendall,et al.  Immune monitoring using mass cytometry and related high-dimensional imaging approaches , 2019, Nature Reviews Rheumatology.

[49]  P. Lampertico,et al.  Clinical utility of hepatocellular carcinoma risk scores in chronic hepatitis B , 2019, Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver.

[50]  Zhan-qing Zhang,et al.  Quantitative Anti-HBc in Liver Pathological States in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection , 2019, The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale.

[51]  Ding‐Shinn Chen,et al.  High Level of Hepatitis B Core-related Antigen Associated With Increased Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Chronic HBV Infection of Intermediate Viral Load. , 2019, Gastroenterology.

[52]  J. Izopet,et al.  Performance of the Xpert HBV Viral Load assay versus the Aptima Quant assay for quantifying hepatitis B virus DNA. , 2019, Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease.

[53]  M. Buti,et al.  Guidance for Design and Endpoints of Clinical Trials in Chronic Hepatitis B—Report From the 2019 EASL‐AASLD HBV Treatment Endpoints Conference , 2019, Hepatology.

[54]  F. Zoulim,et al.  Guidance for design and endpoints of clinical trials in chronic hepatitis B - Report from the 2019 EASL-AASLD HBV Treatment Endpoints Conference. , 2019, Journal of hepatology.

[55]  K. Agarwal,et al.  Pregenomic HBV RNA and Hepatitis B Core‐Related Antigen Predict Outcomes in Hepatitis B e Antigen–Negative Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Suppressed on Nucleos(T)ide Analogue Therapy , 2019, Hepatology.

[56]  M. Maini,et al.  Restoring, releasing or replacing adaptive immunity in chronic hepatitis B , 2019, Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology.

[57]  F. Zoulim,et al.  Therapeutic strategies for hepatitis B virus infection: towards a cure , 2019, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery.

[58]  K. Simon,et al.  Hepatitis B core‐related antigen monitoring during peginterferon alfa treatment for HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B , 2019, Journal of viral hepatitis.

[59]  G. Cloherty,et al.  Improved detection of early acute, late acute, and occult Hepatitis B infections by an increased sensitivity HBsAg assay. , 2019, Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology.

[60]  R. Bruno,et al.  Update of the statements on biology and clinical impact of occult hepatitis b virus infection. , 2019, Journal of hepatology.

[61]  Joan M. Block,et al.  A global scientific strategy to cure hepatitis B. , 2019, The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology.

[62]  Hwai I. Yang,et al.  Discrepant range of sPD‐1 in different studies of chronic hepatitis B. A letter in response to Soluble programmed death‐1 is a useful indicator for inflammatory and fibrosis severity in chronic hepatitis B , 2019, Journal of viral hepatitis.

[63]  Chee‐Kiat Tan,et al.  Letter: impact of hepatitis B core‐related antigen on the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues—further clarifications needed , 2019, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[64]  T. Hosaka Letter: impact of hepatitis B core‐related antigen on the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues—further clarifications needed. Authors’ reply , 2019, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[65]  R. D. de Man,et al.  Elevated serum levels of soluble CD14 in HBeAg‐positive chronic HBV patients upon Peginterferon treatment are associated with treatment response , 2019, Journal of viral hepatitis.

[66]  David L. Thomas Global Elimination of Chronic Hepatitis. , 2019, The New England journal of medicine.

[67]  Woochang Lee,et al.  Longitudinal Assessment of Three Serum Biomarkers to Detect Very Early‐Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma , 2019, Hepatology.

[68]  F. Zoulim,et al.  Serum hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) correlates with covalently closed circular DNA transcriptional activity in chronic hepatitis B patients. , 2019, Journal of hepatology.

[69]  F. Zoulim,et al.  Meeting the Challenge of Eliminating Chronic Hepatitis B Infection , 2019, Genes.

[70]  A. Alibrandi,et al.  Behaviour of Occult HBV Infection in HCV-Infected Patients under Treatment with Direct-Acting Antivirals , 2019, Antiviral therapy.

[71]  W. Talloen,et al.  Antiviral Activity, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of Capsid Assembly Modulator NVR 3-778 in Patients with Chronic HBV Infection. , 2019, Gastroenterology.

[72]  M. Rizzetto,et al.  Quantitation of anti-HBe antibodies in anti-HBc-positive liver donors. , 2019, Journal of hepatology.

[73]  William M. Lee,et al.  Distinct phenotype and function of circulating Vδ1+ and Vδ2+ γδT-cells in acute and chronic hepatitis B , 2019, PLoS pathogens.

[74]  V. Wong,et al.  HBsAg seroclearance further reduces hepatocellular carcinoma risk after complete viral suppression with nucleos(t)ide analogues. , 2019, Journal of hepatology.

[75]  Yoshiyuki Suzuki,et al.  Impact of hepatitis B core‐related antigen on the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues , 2019, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[76]  F. Conti,et al.  Serum hepatitis B core‐related antigen is an effective tool to categorize patients with HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B , 2019, Journal of viral hepatitis.

[77]  Yuehua Huang,et al.  Soluble programmed death‐1 is a useful indicator for inflammatory and fibrosis severity in chronic hepatitis B , 2019, Journal of viral hepatitis.

[78]  B. Rehermann,et al.  Insights From Antiviral Therapy Into Immune Responses to Hepatitis B and C Virus Infection. , 2019, Gastroenterology.

[79]  N. Terrault,et al.  New and Old Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. , 2019, Gastroenterology.

[80]  Amit A. Patel,et al.  Fine needle aspirates comprehensively sample intrahepatic immunity , 2018, Gut.

[81]  A. Hatzakis,et al.  Immunomodulatory Function of HBeAg Related to Short-Sighted Evolution, Transmissibility, and Clinical Manifestation of Hepatitis B Virus , 2018, Front. Microbiol..

[82]  M. Sugiyama,et al.  Cytokine and chemokine signatures associated with hepatitis B surface antigen loss in hepatitis B patients. , 2018, JCI insight.

[83]  Jiangxia Liu,et al.  Extracellular Hepatitis B Virus RNAs Are Heterogeneous in Length and Circulate as Capsid-Antibody Complexes in Addition to Virions in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients , 2018, Journal of Virology.

[84]  J. Pawlotsky,et al.  New virological tools for screening, diagnosis and monitoring of hepatitis B and C in resource-limited settings. , 2018, Journal of hepatology.

[85]  P. Marcellin,et al.  ALT flares during nucleotide analogue therapy are associated with HBsAg loss in genotype A HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B , 2018, Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver.

[86]  YaYun Liu,et al.  Progression and status of antiviral monitoring in patients with chronic hepatitis B: From HBsAg to HBV RNA , 2018, World journal of hepatology.

[87]  E. Hadziyannis,et al.  Viral Biomarkers in Chronic HBeAg Negative HBV Infection , 2018, Genes.

[88]  E. Schiff,et al.  Hepatitis B Virus Serum DNA andRNA Levels in Nucleos(t)ide Analog‐Treated or Untreated Patients During Chronic and Acute Infection , 2018, Hepatology.

[89]  J. Wang,et al.  Natural history of serum HBV‐RNA in chronic HBV infection , 2018, Journal of viral hepatitis.

[90]  T. Berg,et al.  Serum HBV RNA as a Predictor of Peginterferon Alfa-2a Response in Patients With HBeAg-Positive Chronic Hepatitis B , 2018, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[91]  E. Newell,et al.  PD-1 blockade partially recovers dysfunctional virus–specific B cells in chronic hepatitis B infection , 2018, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[92]  A. Amoroso,et al.  Quantitation of HBV cccDNA in anti-HBc-positive liver donors by droplet digital PCR: A new tool to detect occult infection. , 2018, Journal of hepatology.

[93]  Chiun Hsu,et al.  Quantification of HBV core antibodies may help predict HBV reactivation in patients with lymphoma and resolved HBV infection. , 2018, Journal of hepatology.

[94]  Y. Liaw,et al.  Incidence and predictors of hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance after cessation of nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy in hepatitis B e antigen–negative chronic hepatitis B , 2018, Hepatology.

[95]  Youjun Li,et al.  Performance of Serum Glypican 3 in Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A meta-analysis. , 2018, Annals of hepatology.

[96]  J. Allain,et al.  Multiple HBV transfusion transmissions from undetected occult infections: revising the minimal infectious dose , 2018, Gut.

[97]  Ding‐Shinn Chen,et al.  Hepatitis B virus infection , 2018, Nature Reviews Disease Primers.

[98]  M. Yuen,et al.  Letter: serum HBcrAg is a useful marker for disease monitoring, predicting treatment response and disease outcome of chronic hepatitis B virus infection—authors' reply , 2018, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[99]  G. Norkrans,et al.  High serum levels of pregenomic RNA reflect frequently failing reverse transcription in hepatitis B virus particles , 2018, Virology Journal.

[100]  S. Yamauchi,et al.  Evaluation of the highly sensitive chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay “Lumipulse HBsAg‐HQ” for hepatitis B virus screening , 2018, Journal of clinical laboratory analysis.

[101]  J. Marrero,et al.  Surveillance Imaging and Alpha Fetoprotein for Early Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Cirrhosis: A Meta-analysis. , 2018, Gastroenterology.

[102]  T. Berg,et al.  Host and viral factors associated with serum hepatitis B virus RNA levels among patients in need for treatment , 2018, Hepatology.

[103]  H. Toyoda,et al.  Hepatitis B virus core‐related antigen levels predict progression to liver cirrhosis in hepatitis B carriers , 2018, Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology.

[104]  B. McMahon,et al.  Update on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic hepatitis B: AASLD 2018 hepatitis B guidance , 2018, Hepatology.

[105]  M. Maini,et al.  Liver sampling: a vital window into HBV pathogenesis on the path to functional cure , 2018, Gut.

[106]  M. Yuen,et al.  : hepatitis B core-related antigen ( HBcrAg ) : an emerging marker for chronic hepatitis B virus infection , 2017 .

[107]  T. Hu,et al.  Long-term incidence and predictors of hepatitis B surface antigen loss after discontinuing nucleoside analogues in noncirrhotic chronic hepatitis B patients. , 2017, Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.

[108]  R. D. de Knegt,et al.  Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells Are More Activated in Chronic Hepatitis B, but Not Depleted in Blood: Reversal by Antiviral Therapy , 2017, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[109]  Xiangmei Chen,et al.  HBV RNA virion-like particles produced under nucleos(t)ide analogues treatment are mainly replication-deficient. , 2017, Journal of hepatology.

[110]  P. Easterbrook,et al.  Diagnostic accuracy of detection and quantification of HBV-DNA and HCV-RNA using dried blood spot (DBS) samples – a systematic review and meta-analysis , 2017, BMC Infectious Diseases.

[111]  K. Kitrinos,et al.  Development of a digital droplet PCR assay to measure HBV DNA in patients receiving long-term TDF treatment. , 2017, Journal of virological methods.

[112]  M. Buti,et al.  Serum hepatitis B core-related antigen is more accurate than hepatitis B surface antigen to identify inactive carriers, regardless of hepatitis B virus genotype. , 2017, Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.

[113]  T. Volz,et al.  Efficacy of NVR 3-778, Alone and In Combination With Pegylated Interferon, vs Entecavir In uPA/SCID Mice With Humanized Livers and HBV Infection. , 2017, Gastroenterology.

[114]  A. Lok,et al.  Hepatitis B cure: From discovery to regulatory approval. , 2017, Journal of hepatology.

[115]  S. Kanner,et al.  RNAi-based treatment of chronically infected patients and chimpanzees reveals that integrated hepatitis B virus DNA is a source of HBsAg , 2017, Science Translational Medicine.

[116]  T. Berg,et al.  Quantification of large and middle proteins of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) as a novel tool for the identification of inactive HBV carriers , 2017, Gut.

[117]  Y. Karino,et al.  Analysis of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using high‐sensitivity HBsAg assays in hepatitis B virus carriers in whom HBsAg seroclearance was confirmed by conventional assays , 2017, Hepatology research : the official journal of the Japan Society of Hepatology.

[118]  Thomas Berg,et al.  EASL 2017 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of hepatitis B virus infection. , 2017, Journal of hepatology.

[119]  F. Zoulim,et al.  Challenges to a Cure for HBV Infection , 2017, Seminars in Liver Disease.

[120]  N. Chuaypen,et al.  Predictive role of serum HBsAg and HBcrAg kinetics in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B receiving pegylated interferon-based therapy. , 2017, Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.

[121]  M. Yuen,et al.  Hepatitis B virus core‐related antigen as a surrogate marker for covalently closed circular DNA , 2017, Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver.

[122]  Cara S Kosack,et al.  A guide to aid the selection of diagnostic tests , 2017, Bulletin of the World Health Organization.

[123]  C. Espiritu,et al.  Hepatitis B Virus Capsid Assembly Modulators, but Not Nucleoside Analogs, Inhibit the Production of Extracellular Pregenomic RNA and Spliced RNA Variants , 2017, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[124]  D. Durantel,et al.  Interplay between the Hepatitis B Virus and Innate Immunity: From an Understanding to the Development of Therapeutic Concepts , 2017, Viruses.

[125]  V. Thibault,et al.  Performance of HBsAg quantification assays for detection of Hepatitis B virus genotypes and diagnostic escape-variants in clinical samples. , 2017, Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology.

[126]  Hong Tang,et al.  Serum hepatitis B core-related antigen is a satisfactory surrogate marker of intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA in chronic hepatitis B , 2017, Scientific Reports.

[127]  Jianming Hu,et al.  Complete and Incomplete Hepatitis B Virus Particles: Formation, Function, and Application , 2017, Viruses.

[128]  Sang Gyune Kim,et al.  Usefulness of AFP, AFP-L3, and PIVKA-II, and their combinations in diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma , 2017, Medicine.

[129]  M. Ferracin,et al.  Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction can restore antiviral activity of exhausted HBV-specific CD8 T cells in chronic hepatitis B , 2017, Nature Medicine.

[130]  Vincent Wai-Sun Wong,et al.  The role of quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen revisited. , 2017, Journal of hepatology.

[131]  H. Scheiblauer,et al.  Comparative characterization of hepatitis B virus surface antigen derived from different hepatitis B virus genotypes. , 2017, Virology.

[132]  T. Volz,et al.  Serum HBV pgRNA as a clinical marker for cccDNA activity. , 2017, Journal of hepatology.

[133]  J. Niu,et al.  Reply to: "Serum HBV pgRNA as a clinical marker for cccDNA activity": Consistent loss of serum HBV RNA might predict the "para-functional cure" of chronic hepatitis B. , 2017, Journal of hepatology.

[134]  M. Yuen,et al.  Reduction of covalently closed circular DNA with long-term nucleos(t)ide analogue treatment in chronic hepatitis B. , 2017, Journal of hepatology.

[135]  E. Salas,et al.  The Smc5/6 Complex Restricts HBV when Localized to ND10 without Inducing an Innate Immune Response and Is Counteracted by the HBV X Protein Shortly after Infection , 2017, PloS one.

[136]  P. Lampertico,et al.  Hepatitis B virus long‐term impact of antiviral therapy nucleot(s)ide analogues (NUCs) , 2017, Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver.

[137]  J. Marrero,et al.  Predictors of adequate ultrasound quality for hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance in patients with cirrhosis , 2017, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[138]  P. Knolle,et al.  The role of liver sinusoidal cells in local hepatic immune surveillance , 2016, Clinical & translational immunology.

[139]  Kyong‐Mi Chang,et al.  Evolution in Our Understanding of Hepatitis B Virus Virology and Immunology. , 2016, Clinics in liver disease.

[140]  S. Ahn,et al.  Prediction models of hepatocellular carcinoma development in chronic hepatitis B patients , 2016, World journal of gastroenterology.

[141]  N. Xia,et al.  Serum hepatitis B virus RNA is encapsidated pregenome RNA that may be associated with persistence of viral infection and rebound. , 2016, Journal of hepatology.

[142]  C. Delaugerre,et al.  Decay of ccc-DNA marks persistence of intrahepatic viral DNA synthesis under tenofovir in HIV-HBV co-infected patients. , 2016, Journal of hepatology.

[143]  M. Buti,et al.  Deep sequencing shows that HBV basal core promoter and precore variants reduce the likelihood of HBsAg loss following tenofovir disoproxil fumarate therapy in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B , 2016, Gut.

[144]  Chien-Jen Chen,et al.  Serum Levels of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen and DNA Can Predict Inactive Carriers With Low Risk of Disease Progression , 2016, Hepatology.

[145]  V. Wong,et al.  Virus and Host Testing to Manage Chronic Hepatitis B. , 2016, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[146]  N. Zhang,et al.  Hepatitis B core-related antigen levels are associated with response to entecavir and peginterferon add-on therapy in hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B patients. , 2016, Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.

[147]  P. Revill,et al.  Overview of hepatitis B viral replication and genetic variability. , 2016, Journal of hepatology.

[148]  A. Bertoletti,et al.  Adaptive immunity in HBV infection. , 2016, Journal of hepatology.

[149]  M. Maini,et al.  The role of innate immunity in the immunopathology and treatment of HBV infection. , 2016, Journal of hepatology.

[150]  M. Honda,et al.  Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Core-Related Antigen During Nucleos(t)ide Analog Therapy Is Related to Intra-hepatic HBV Replication and Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. , 2016, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[151]  S. Fletcher,et al.  Hepatitis B virus X protein identifies the Smc5/6 complex as a host restriction factor , 2016, Nature.

[152]  W. Lu,et al.  In situ analysis of intrahepatic virological events in chronic hepatitis B virus infection. , 2016, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[153]  N. Kootstra,et al.  Hepatitis B Virus Pregenomic RNA Is Present in Virions in Plasma and Is Associated With a Response to Pegylated Interferon Alfa-2a and Nucleos(t)ide Analogues. , 2016, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[154]  M. Sugiyama,et al.  Indoleamine‐2,3‐dioxygenase as an effector and an indicator of protective immune responses in patients with acute hepatitis B , 2016, Hepatology.

[155]  F. Rosendaal,et al.  The good and the bad , 2015, Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH.

[156]  Meghan M. Holdorf,et al.  Mapping of histone modifications in episomal HBV cccDNA uncovers an unusual chromatin organization amenable to epigenetic manipulation , 2015, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[157]  D. Lewis,et al.  Chronic hepatitis B: Virology, natural history, current management and a glimpse at future opportunities. , 2015, Antiviral research.

[158]  H. Wedemeyer,et al.  Hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) levels in the natural history of hepatitis B virus infection in a large European cohort predominantly infected with genotypes A and D. , 2015, Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.

[159]  K. Chayama,et al.  On-Treatment Low Serum HBV RNA Level Predicts Initial Virological Response in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Receiving Nucleoside Analogue Therapy , 2015, Antiviral therapy.

[160]  Linda V. Sinclair,et al.  Metabolic regulation of hepatitis B immunopathology by myeloid-derived suppressor cells , 2015, Nature Medicine.

[161]  Ian Todd,et al.  ELISA in the multiplex era: Potentials and pitfalls , 2015, Proteomics. Clinical applications.

[162]  Wenxin Qin,et al.  Diagnostic values of alpha-fetoprotein, dickkopf-1, and osteopontin for hepatocellular carcinoma , 2015, Medical Oncology.

[163]  L. Roberts,et al.  Update on biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma. , 2015, Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association.

[164]  G. Sitia,et al.  Chronic hepatitis B: role of anti-platelet therapy in inflammation control , 2015, Cellular and Molecular Immunology.

[165]  T. Berg,et al.  Serum hepatitis B virus RNA levels as an early predictor of hepatitis B envelope antigen seroconversion during treatment with polymerase inhibitors , 2015, Hepatology.

[166]  Pei-Jer Chen,et al.  Circulating Programmed Death-1 as a Marker for Sustained High Hepatitis B Viral Load and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma , 2014, PloS one.

[167]  M. Yuen,et al.  Hepatitis B reactivation in patients with previous hepatitis B virus exposure undergoing rituximab-containing chemotherapy for lymphoma: a prospective study. , 2014, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[168]  M. Zoli,et al.  Factors that affect efficacy of ultrasound surveillance for early stage hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis. , 2014, Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association.

[169]  M. Yuen,et al.  Linearized hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B core-related antigen in the natural history of chronic hepatitis B. , 2014, Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.

[170]  A. Kramvis Genotypes and Genetic Variability of Hepatitis B Virus , 2014, Intervirology.

[171]  A. Singal,et al.  Factors that affect accuracy of α-fetoprotein test in detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis. , 2014, Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association.

[172]  T. Liang,et al.  Specific and Nonhepatotoxic Degradation of Nuclear Hepatitis B Virus cccDNA , 2014, Science.

[173]  Li Zhang,et al.  Predictive value of interferon-gamma inducible protein 10 kD for hepatitis B e antigen clearance and hepatitis B surface antigen decline during pegylated interferon alpha therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients. , 2014, Antiviral research.

[174]  Yee-Kit Tse,et al.  On‐treatment alpha‐fetoprotein is a specific tumor marker for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B receiving entecavir , 2014, Hepatology.

[175]  A. Boonstra,et al.  Inhibitory receptor molecules in chronic hepatitis B and C infections: novel targets for immunotherapy? , 2014, Reviews in medical virology.

[176]  A. Lohse,et al.  Immune cell responses are not required to induce substantial hepatitis B virus antigen decline during pegylated interferon-alpha administration. , 2014, Journal of hepatology.

[177]  H. Reeves,et al.  The Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using a Prospectively Developed and Validated Model Based on Serological Biomarkers , 2013, Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.

[178]  Ding‐Shinn Chen,et al.  Risk stratification of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B virus e antigen-negative carriers by combining viral biomarkers. , 2013, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[179]  G. Altavilla,et al.  Risk of occult hepatitis B virus infection reactivation in patients with solid tumours undergoing chemotherapy. , 2013, Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver.

[180]  S. Alavian,et al.  HBsAg variants: diagnostic-escape and diagnostic dilemma. , 2013, Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology.

[181]  H. Isomoto,et al.  Significance of hepatitis B virus core‐related antigen and covalently closed circular DNA levels as markers of hepatitis B virus re‐infection after liver transplantation , 2013, Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology.

[182]  A. Boonstra,et al.  Serum levels of interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 and response to peginterferon therapy in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. , 2013, Journal of hepatology.

[183]  Chien-Jen Chen,et al.  A predictive scoring system for the seroclearance of HBsAg in HBeAg-seronegative chronic hepatitis B patients with genotype B or C infection. , 2013, Journal of hepatology.

[184]  Mariel S. Lavieri,et al.  Improving screening for hepatocellular carcinoma by incorporating data on levels of α-fetoprotein, over time. , 2013, Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association.

[185]  J. Chen,et al.  Rapid downregulation of programmed death‐1 and interferon‐γ‐inducible protein‐10 expression is associated with favourable outcome during antiviral treatment of chronic hepatitis B , 2013, Journal of viral hepatitis.

[186]  M. Imamura,et al.  Serum HBV RNA and HBeAg are useful markers for the safe discontinuation of nucleotide analogue treatments in chronic hepatitis B patients , 2013, Journal of Gastroenterology.

[187]  G. Reynolds,et al.  Up-regulation of a death receptor renders antiviral T cells susceptible to NK cell–mediated deletion , 2013, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[188]  A. Bertoletti,et al.  Increased levels of arginase in patients with acute hepatitis B suppress antiviral T cells. , 2012, Gastroenterology.

[189]  W. Yeo,et al.  Targeted therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma: Present and future , 2012, Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology.

[190]  Ding-Shinn Chen,et al.  High levels of hepatitis B surface antigen increase risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with low HBV load. , 2012, Gastroenterology.

[191]  M. Vermeulen,et al.  Hepatitis B virus transmission by blood transfusion during 4 years of individual‐donation nucleic acid testing in South Africa: estimated and observed window period risk , 2012, Transfusion.

[192]  M. Levrero,et al.  IFN-α inhibits HBV transcription and replication in cell culture and in humanized mice by targeting the epigenetic regulation of the nuclear cccDNA minichromosome. , 2012, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[193]  Zhen-hua Hu,et al.  Development of a sandwich ELISA for evaluating soluble PD-L1 (CD274) in human sera of different ages as well as supernatants of PD-L1+ cell lines. , 2011, Cytokine.

[194]  D. Douek,et al.  Host response to translocated microbial products predicts outcomes of patients with HBV or HCV infection. , 2011, Gastroenterology.

[195]  Hyunwook Lee,et al.  Secretion of Genome-Free Hepatitis B Virus – Single Strand Blocking Model for Virion Morphogenesis of Para-retrovirus , 2011, PLoS pathogens.

[196]  J. Berry Towards a cure. , 2011, Positively aware : the monthly journal of the Test Positive Aware Network.

[197]  M. Manns,et al.  Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (Hbsag) Decrease and Serum Interferon-Inducible Protein-10 Levels as Predictive Markers for Hbsag Loss during Treatment with Nucleoside/Nucleotide Analogues , 2011, Antiviral therapy.

[198]  Ding‐Shinn Chen,et al.  Serum hepatitis B surface antigen levels predict surface antigen loss in hepatitis B e antigen seroconverters. , 2011, Gastroenterology.

[199]  J. Marrero,et al.  Virological breakthrough and resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis B receiving nucleos(t)ide analogues in clinical practice , 2011, Hepatology.

[200]  Hong Tang,et al.  Prospective Evaluation of FibroScan for the Diagnosis of Hepatic Fibrosis Compared with Liver Biopsy/AST Platelet Ratio Index and FIB-4 in Patients with Chronic HBV Infection , 2011, Digestive Diseases and Sciences.

[201]  M. Vermeulen,et al.  Refinement of a viral transmission risk model for blood donations in seroconversion window phase screened by nucleic acid testing in different pool sizes and repeat test algorithms , 2011, Transfusion.

[202]  M. Manns,et al.  Kinetics of hepatitis B surface antigen decline during 3 years of telbivudine treatment in hepatitis B e antigen–positive patients , 2010, Hepatology.

[203]  M. Nakanishi,et al.  Sensitive Assay for Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus Mutants by Use of a Minor Groove Binder Probe and Peptide Nucleic Acids , 2010, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[204]  H. Zeichhardt,et al.  Performance evaluation of 70 hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) assays from around the world by a geographically diverse panel with an array of HBV genotypes and HBsAg subtypes , 2010, Vox sanguinis.

[205]  Antonio Bertoletti,et al.  A longitudinal analysis of innate and adaptive immune profile during hepatic flares in chronic hepatitis B. , 2010, Journal of hepatology.

[206]  A. Lohse,et al.  Immune tolerance: what is unique about the liver. , 2010, Journal of autoimmunity.

[207]  F. Hollinger,et al.  Occult hepatitis B virus infection: a covert operation , 2010, Journal of viral hepatitis.

[208]  O. Guillaud,et al.  Close monitoring of serum HBV DNA levels and liver enzymes levels is most useful in the management of patients with occult HBV infection. , 2009, Journal of hepatology.

[209]  Chien-Jen Chen,et al.  Hepatitis B virus DNA levels and outcomes in chronic hepatitis B , 2009, Hepatology.

[210]  A. Lok,et al.  Characterization of Genotype-Specific Carboxyl-Terminal Cleavage Sites of Hepatitis B Virus e Antigen Precursor and Identification of Furin as the Candidate Enzyme , 2009, Journal of Virology.

[211]  H. Kumada,et al.  Correlation between serum hepatitis B virus core‐related antigen and intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA in chronic hepatitis B patients , 2009, Journal of medical virology.

[212]  M. Buendia,et al.  Statements from the Taormina expert meeting on occult hepatitis B virus infection. , 2008, Journal of hepatology.

[213]  G. Alexander,et al.  Functional skewing of the global CD8 T cell population in chronic hepatitis B virus infection , 2008, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[214]  P. Kellam,et al.  Bim-mediated deletion of antigen-specific CD8 T cells in patients unable to control HBV infection. , 2008, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[215]  G. Sommer,et al.  Posttranscriptional control of HBV gene expression. , 2008, Frontiers in bioscience : a journal and virtual library.

[216]  G. Fattovich,et al.  Natural history of chronic hepatitis B: special emphasis on disease progression and prognostic factors. , 2008, Journal of hepatology.

[217]  V. Wong,et al.  Serum hepatitis B surface antigen quantitation can reflect hepatitis B virus in the liver and predict treatment response. , 2007, Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association.

[218]  A. Quaas,et al.  Impaired intrahepatic hepatitis B virus productivity contributes to low viremia in most HBeAg-negative patients. , 2007, Gastroenterology.

[219]  M. Torbenson,et al.  Liver enzyme flares and occult hepatitis B in persons with chronic hepatitis C infection. , 2007, Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology.

[220]  P. Borrow,et al.  Cytokines induced during chronic hepatitis B virus infection promote a pathway for NK cell–mediated liver damage , 2007, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[221]  J. Koskinas,et al.  Intrahepatic levels and replicative activity of covalently closed circular hepatitis B virus DNA in chronically infected patients , 2006, Hepatology.

[222]  T. Umemura,et al.  Hepatitis B virus RNA is measurable in serum and can be a new marker for monitoring lamivudine therapy , 2006, Journal of Gastroenterology.

[223]  Z. Zou,et al.  Circulating and Liver Resident CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells Actively Influence the Antiviral Immune Response and Disease Progression in Patients with Hepatitis B1 , 2006, The Journal of Immunology.

[224]  Jian-guo Li,et al.  High level of hepatitis B virus DNA after HBeAg-to-anti-HBe seroconversion is related to coexistence of mutations in its precore and basal core promoter. , 2005, World journal of gastroenterology.

[225]  J. Marrero Screening tests for hepatocellular carcinoma. , 2005, Clinics in liver disease.

[226]  E. Kuipers,et al.  Regulatory T cells contribute to the impaired immune response in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection , 2005, Hepatology.

[227]  C. Gibbs,et al.  Persistence of cccDNA during the natural history of chronic hepatitis B and decline during adefovir dipivoxil therapy. , 2004, Gastroenterology.

[228]  Wei Zhang,et al.  Patterns of Circulating Hepatitis B Virus Serum Nucleic Acids during Lamivudine Therapy , 2004, Journal of medical virology.

[229]  D. Milich,et al.  Exploring the biological basis of hepatitis B e antigen in hepatitis B virus infection , 2003, Hepatology.

[230]  B. Rehermann Immune Responses in Hepatitis B Virus Infection , 2003, Seminars in liver disease.

[231]  R. Purcell,et al.  CD8+ T Cells Mediate Viral Clearance and Disease Pathogenesis during Acute Hepatitis B Virus Infection , 2003, Journal of Virology.

[232]  H. Chiou,et al.  Long‐term outcome after spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion in patients with chronic hepatitis B , 2002, Hepatology.

[233]  S. Yagi,et al.  Sensitive Enzyme Immunoassay for Hepatitis B Virus Core-Related Antigens and Their Correlation to Virus Load , 2002, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[234]  M S Pepe,et al.  Phases of biomarker development for early detection of cancer. , 2001, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[235]  D. DeMets,et al.  Biomarkers and surrogate endpoints: Preferred definitions and conceptual framework , 2001, Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics.

[236]  C. Müller,et al.  Hepatitis B virus DNA in sera and liver tissue of HBsAg negative patients with chronic hepatitis C. , 2000, Journal of hepatology.

[237]  C. Seeger,et al.  Hepatitis B Virus Biology , 2000, Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews.

[238]  M. Shapiro,et al.  Viral clearance without destruction of infected cells during acute HBV infection. , 1999, Science.

[239]  J. Zucman‐Rossi,et al.  Hepatocellular carcinoma , 1998, Nature Reviews Disease Primers.

[240]  S. Günther,et al.  Heterogeneity and common features of defective hepatitis B virus genomes derived from spliced pregenomic RNA. , 1997, Virology.

[241]  J. Ou Molecular biology of hepatitis B virus e antigen , 1997, Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology.

[242]  J. Wang,et al.  Proteolytic conversion of hepatitis B virus e antigen precursor to end product occurs in a postendoplasmic reticulum compartment , 1991, Journal of virology.

[243]  W. Rutter,et al.  Targeting of the hepatitis B virus precore protein to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane: after signal peptide cleavage translocation can be aborted and the product released into the cytoplasm , 1988, The Journal of cell biology.

[244]  Arthur Klausner New Trends , 1983, Bio/Technology.

[245]  N. Enomoto,et al.  HBV patients with low HBsAg and high HBcrAg titers have a high risk of HBV‐related HCC , 2018 .

[246]  Jiming Zhang,et al.  Relationship between serum HBV-RNA levels and intrahepatic viral as well as histologic activity markers in entecavir-treated patients. , 2017, Journal of hepatology.

[247]  M. Buti,et al.  Evaluation of serum HBV RNA and HBcrAg in chronic hepatitis B patients achieving different serological outcomes on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) , 2017 .

[248]  A. Cuconati,et al.  Hepatitis B Virus , 2017, Methods in Molecular Biology.

[249]  Y. Ngo,et al.  Coexistence of circulating HBsAg and anti-HBs antibodies in chronic hepatitis B carriers is not a simple analytical artifact and does not influence HBsAg quantification. , 2015, Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology.

[250]  J. Manson,et al.  Prospective Study of , 2007 .

[251]  S. Locarnini,et al.  Quantification of HBV covalently closed circular DNA from liver tissue by real-time PCR. , 2004, Methods in molecular medicine.

[252]  Mmwr Dispatch Guidelines for Using the QuantiFERON ®-TB Test for Diagnosing Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection , 2002 .