Using Optical-Approaches to Raise Energy Efficiency of Future Central and/or Linked Distributed Data Center Network Services

Novel optical network architectures are proposed for creating future network services. The �rst architecture is a centralized approach for higher energy efficiency; it yields a data centercentric metro/access optical aggregation network based on wavelength/time- multiplexing. Not only higher application layer functions but also all layer-3 or upper traffic are transferred through the simple metro/access optical aggregation network and switched in a huge centralized giant router at the data center. Its simple optical switching is 200 times more energy efficient and only one electrical router is needed, so power consumption of the network can be reduced ten or twenty fold compared to the existing Internet. The second is service mash-up by linked data through a network that uses broadband optical wire for the IoT era. All service contents,