Simulating Human and Environmental Exposure from Hand-Held Knapsack Pesticide Application: Be-WetSpa-Pest, an Integrative, Spatially Explicit Modeling Approach.

This paper presents an integrative and spatially explicit modeling approach for analyzing human and environmental exposure from pesticide application of smallholders in the potato-producing Andean region in Colombia. The modeling approach fulfills the following criteria: (i) it includes environmental and human compartments; (ii) it contains a behavioral decision-making model for estimating the effect of policies on pesticide flows to humans and the environment; (iii) it is spatially explicit; and (iv) it is modular and easily expandable to include additional modules, crops, or technologies. The model was calibrated and validated for the Vereda La Hoya and was used to explore the effect of different policy measures in the region. The model has moderate data requirements and can be adapted relatively easily to other regions in developing countries with similar conditions.

[1]  David Nuyttens,et al.  Dermal exposure assessment of pesticide use: the case of sprayers in potato farms in the Colombian highlands. , 2012, The Science of the total environment.

[2]  David Nuyttens,et al.  A validated 2-D diffusion–advection model for prediction of drift from ground boom sprayers , 2009 .

[3]  W. Rossing,et al.  Landscape prototypes for multifunctional farming - Seeking synergy between functional biodiversity and other green services at field, farm and landscape scales , 2003 .

[4]  David Nuyttens,et al.  The influence of operator-controlled variables on spray drift from field crop sprayers , 2007 .

[5]  Hans Marquart,et al.  RISKOFDERM: risk assessment of occupational dermal exposure to chemicals. An introduction to a series of papers on the development of a toolkit. , 2003, The Annals of occupational hygiene.

[6]  Dominik Scheiben,et al.  The weight method: a new screening method for estimating pesticide deposition from knapsack sprayers in developing countries. , 2011, Chemosphere.

[7]  R. Vermeulen,et al.  DREAM: a method for semi-quantitative dermal exposure assessment. , 2003, The Annals of occupational hygiene.

[8]  Clement A. Tisdell,et al.  Why farmers continue to use pesticides despite environmental, health and sustainability costs , 2001 .

[9]  M. Younes,et al.  Pesticides in drinking water--a case study. , 2000, Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.

[10]  P. J. Rice,et al.  Advances in pesticide environmental fate and exposure assessments. , 2007, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[11]  S. Hellweg,et al.  Pesticide uptake in potatoes: model and field experiments. , 2011, Environmental science & technology.

[12]  Matteo Balderacchi,et al.  Comments on pesticide risk assessment by the revision of Directive EU 91/414 , 2010, Environmental science and pollution research international.

[13]  Aaldrik Tiktak,et al.  PEARL model for pesticide behaviour and emissions in soil-plant systems , 2001 .

[14]  W. Rossing,et al.  Exploring multi-scale trade-offs between nature conservation, agricultural profits and landscape quality—A methodology to support discussions on land-use perspectives , 2007 .

[15]  Walter A.H. Rossing,et al.  Integrative modelling approaches for analysis of impact of multifunctional agriculture: A review for France, Germany and The Netherlands , 2007 .

[16]  Lars R. Bakken,et al.  ECECMOD: an interdisciplinary modelling system for analyzing nutrient and soil losses from agriculture , 1999 .

[17]  Murray Fulton,et al.  Agroecosystem sustainability: a system simulation model approach , 2004 .

[18]  D. Nuyttens,et al.  Drift from the Use of Hand-Held Knapsack Pesticide Sprayers in Boyacá (Colombian Andes). , 2016, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[19]  A N I Garrod,et al.  Developing COSHH Essentials: dermal exposure, personal protective equipment and first aid. , 2003, The Annals of occupational hygiene.

[20]  J. Nash,et al.  River flow forecasting through conceptual models part I — A discussion of principles☆ , 1970 .

[21]  Pyrène Larrey-Lassalle,et al.  Bridging the gap between life cycle inventory and impact assessment for toxicological assessments of pesticides used in crop production. , 2014, Chemosphere.

[22]  M. Hauschild,et al.  PestLCI 2.0: a second generation model for estimating emissions of pesticides from arable land in LCA , 2012, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment.

[23]  E. Capri,et al.  Studies on pesticide spray drift in a Mediterranean citrus area , 2003 .

[24]  Claudia R. Binder,et al.  Suitability of pesticide risk indicators for Less Developed Countries: A comparison , 2011 .

[25]  Claudia R Binder,et al.  System Perspectives of Experts and Farmers Regarding the Role of Livelihood Assets in Risk Perception: Results from the Structured Mental Model Approach , 2009, Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis.

[26]  J. C. van de Zande,et al.  Modelling spray drift from boom sprayers , 1997 .

[27]  G. García-Santos,et al.  Avoidance behaviour of Eisenia fetida to carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, mancozeb and metamidophos in natural soils from the highlands of Colombia. , 2011, Chemosphere.

[28]  B. Hammock,et al.  A clomazone immunoassay to study the environmental fate of the herbicide in rice (Oryza sativa) agriculture. , 2010, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[29]  Claudia R. Binder,et al.  Considering the normative, systemic and procedural dimensions in indicator-based sustainability assessments in agriculture , 2010 .

[30]  N. Rothman,et al.  A quantitative approach for estimating exposure to pesticides in the Agricultural Health Study. , 2002, The Annals of occupational hygiene.

[31]  Claudia R. Binder,et al.  Evaluation of models for dermal exposure assessment in farming systems in developing countries , 2014 .

[32]  D. Ecobichon.  Pesticide use in developing countries. , 2001, Toxicology.

[33]  Erik Tielemans,et al.  'Stoffenmanager', a web-based control banding tool using an exposure process model. , 2008, The Annals of occupational hygiene.

[34]  Claudia R. Binder,et al.  Towards an Improved Understanding of Farmers' Behaviour: The Integrative Agent-Centred (IAC) Framework , 2010 .

[35]  Vijay P. Singh,et al.  Hydrological Simulation Program - Fortran (HSPF). , 1995 .

[36]  G. Nise,et al.  The determinants of dermal exposure ranking method (DERM): a pesticide exposure assessment approach for developing countries. , 2008, The Annals of occupational hygiene.

[37]  Taiwan,et al.  International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Division of Chemistry and the Environment Commission on Agrochemicals and the Environment* Foliar Interception and Retention Values after Pesticide Application. a Proposal for Standardized Values for Environmental Risk Assessment (technical Report) F , 2022 .

[38]  Claudia R. Binder,et al.  Identifying and Investigating Pesticide Application Types to Promote a More Sustainable Pesticide Use: The Case of Smallholders in Boyacá, Colombia , 2010 .

[39]  C. Sinfort,et al.  Emission of pesticides to the air during sprayer application: A bibliographic review , 2005 .

[40]  Fernando P. Carvalho,et al.  Agriculture, pesticides, food security and food safety , 2006 .

[41]  Pieter Spanoghe,et al.  Risk assessment of pesticide spray drift damage in Belgium , 2007 .

[42]  Ali Kerem Saysel,et al.  Simulation models in Farming Systems Research: potential and challenges , 2012 .

[43]  Ian Craig,et al.  The GDS model—a rapid computational technique for the calculation of aircraft spray drift buffer distances , 2004 .

[44]  M. Hauschild,et al.  PestLCI—A model for estimating field emissions of pesticides in agricultural LCA , 2006 .

[45]  C. Binder,et al.  Preserving tropical soil organic matter at watershed level. A possible contribution of urban organic wastes , 2001, Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems.

[46]  John M. Antle,et al.  The tradeoff analysis model: integrated bio-physical and economic modeling of agricultural production systems , 2004 .

[47]  C B Keil,et al.  A tiered approach to deterministic models for indoor air exposures. , 2000, Applied occupational and environmental hygiene.

[48]  João Rocha,et al.  Soil and Water Assessment Tool "SWAT" , 2008, Encyclopedia of GIS.

[49]  B. J. Van Heyst,et al.  A pesticide emission model (PEM) Part I: model development , 2002 .

[50]  Hong Yang,et al.  Effect of dissolved organic matters on napropamide availability and ecotoxicity in rapeseed ( Brassica napus ). , 2010, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.