Abstract : It is evident to virtually everyone that future military operations will include urban operations far more often than not. In fact, operations in densely populated, built-up areas already frequently dominate U.S. armed forces deployments. Over the past decade, Service training initiatives have reflected a renewed interest in preparing for such contingencies. However, members of Congress have expressed concern that these efforts were insufficiently coordinated. Therefore, Congress requested that a study be conducted of how the military community might better orchestrate its resources to improve readiness for forcewide urban operations. Three sponsors -- the Office of the Secretary of Defense Readiness; J7, U.S. Joint Forces Command; and Joint Urban Operations Office, J9, U.S. Joint Forces Command -- asked the RAND Corporation to undertake the task of developing a joint urban training strategy for the period 2005-2011 to assist in meeting this objective. This monograph presents that strategy. It will be of interest to individuals in the government, nongovernmental organizations, private volunteer organizations, and the commercial sector whose responsibilities include the planning, policy, doctrine, training, funding, and conduct of actions undertaken in or near urban areas in both the immediate future and the longer term. This research was conducted for the Department of Defense within the International Security and Defense Policy Center and the Forces and Resources Policy Center of the RAND National Defense Research Institute, a federally funded research and development center sponsored by the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Joint Staff, the Unified Combatant Commands, the Department of the Navy, the Marine Corps, the defense agencies, and the defense Intelligence Community.